P2 SECTION A: URBAN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES - MUMBAI

Question 1

MUMBAI : LOCATION AND GROWTH

Answer 1

• Megacity: grown rapidly since 1950s
• Located in Maharashtra (India’s west coast)
• 1 person per minute
• High rural-urban migration and natural increase

Question 2

MUMBAI : NATIONAL IMPORTANCE

Answer 2

• 6% of India’s GDP
• 40% of foreign trade
• 25% of industrial production
• 3 million commute into city each day
• $10 billion in corporate taxes

Question 3

MUMBAI : REGIONAL DIFFICULTIES

Answer 3

• Physical geography increases traffic congestion: worsens air quality
• Peninsula so can’t expand existing road networks (no space): major traffic congestion
• 22 million car users emit harmful pollutants

Question 4

MUMBAI : OPPORTUNITIES (SOCIAL)

Answer 4

• 1000 primary and secondary schools (free education): high literacy rate
• Best transport system in India
• Good QOL: good access to electricity and water supply

Question 5

MUMBAI : OPPORTUNITIES (ECONOMIC)

Answer 5

• Many of India’s TNC based here (State Bank of India, Tata)
• Offers jobs to hi-tech industries (aerospace, medical research): high wages
• Financial capital of India (India’s stock exchange)

Question 6

MUMBAI : CHALLENGES (SOCIAL)

Answer 6

• 9+ million live in in slums: disease spread easily (lack of basic sanitation)
• 1 toilet per 1000
• 650 million liters of water lost daily (leaks in pipes)
• 1/3 exposed to crime

Question 7

MUMBAI : CHALLENGES (ECONOMIC)

Answer 7

• Informal economy growing -> urbanization -> higher rate of unemployment
• Lack of regulation and tax with illegal activities: doesn’t help development

Question 8

MUMBAI : CHALLENGES (ENVIRONMENT)

Answer 8

• Factories rarely regulated: dangerous fumes emitted- high air pollution- health issues