P2 SECTION B : THE CHANGING ECONOMIC WORLD - NIGERIA

Question 1

NIGERIA: TNCs

Answer 1

• A large company operating in several countries.
• Operate due to:
  -> Tax incentives
  -> Cheaper labour
  -> Laxer environmental laws
• In Nigeria: Shell, Unilever, KFC, etc

Question 2

NIGERIA: SHELL (POSITIVE IMPACTS)

Answer 2

• Provides 65 000 direct jobs
• Provides 250 000 related jobs
• 91% of contracts given to Nigerian companies
• GMOU: develop partnership with rural areas- helping schools and hospitals- reducing development gap
• Health insurance $25/yr to locals

Question 3

NIGERIA: SHELL (NEGATIVE IMPACTS)

Answer 3

• Bodo oil spill (2013): poorest people losing income and jobs
• Corruption: costing government $20billion/yr
• Boko Haram: several attacks on oil pipelines in recent years

Question 4

NIGERIA: AID

Answer 4

Aduwan (Kaduna State): had no health centers- high cases of AIDS and a high IMR
-> ActionAid: funds from World Bank for new health clinic in 2010
-> Trains local women to educate mothers on vaccinations against deadly diseases
-> Tests for HIV and other infections

HDI: 0.46 to 0.53 (2006 to 2019)

Question 5

NIGERIA: CONSEQUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT

Answer 5

• Mining and extracting oil has polluted the landscape- damages farmland
• Growth of squatter settlements- urban growth- moving for jobs- reduction in % with access to sanitation
• Commercial farming: increasing deforestation and desertification in central and north Nigeria
• Industrial growth: increase in GHGs and worsening air quality- health issues