Interest Groups and Social Movements Flashcards

1
Q

what are interest groups?

A

organisations that defend interests of a particular group of people

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2
Q

what are the different types of interest groups?

A
  1. Protective/defensive groups
  2. Promotional groups
  3. Peak associations
  4. Think-tanks
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3
Q

what are protective/defensive groups?

A

seek selective benefits for their members (pay rise)

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4
Q

what are promotional groups?

A

seek to advocate ideas of some general political cause using established channels (gun rights)

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5
Q

what are peak associations?

A

interest groups whose members are businesses or other organisations rather than individuals

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6
Q

what are think-tanks?

A

a body of experts providing advice and ideas on specific political or economic problems

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7
Q

what are the main five functions of interest groups?

A
  1. Increase representation and participation
  2. Public awareness
  3. Agenda Setting
  4. Monitoring of Government
  5. Lobbying
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8
Q

what are the two main categories in the context of interest groups?

A

corporatism and pluralism

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9
Q

what is corporatism?

A

institutionalised cooperation between key interest groups, political parties and the state in formulation of public policies

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of interest groups under corporatism?

A
  1. integrated in a set of institutional arrangements, facilitating permanent bargaining
  2. centralised and concentrated in ‘peak associations’
  3. willing to compromise
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11
Q

what is pluralism?

A

competition between interest groups for influence on public policies in which the state plays a neutral role

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of interest groups under pluralism?

A
  1. dispersed across different institutional arenas
  2. fragmented into a number of groups
  3. competing with each other
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13
Q

what has caused the relative decline of corporatism?

A

economies have changed: the emergence of post-industrial society undermines corporatist arrangements

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14
Q

what has pluralism recently shifted to?

A

policy/issue networks

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15
Q

what are policy/issue networks?

A

heterogeneous group of persons and organisations, including interest groups, that are part of a relatively loose but enduring social structure

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16
Q

what are the main characteristics of policy/issue networks?

A
  1. also include states as interested actors
  2. also include non-governmental organisations, including individual economic firms and think-tanks
  3. also include individual experts of all sorts
17
Q

what are social movements?

A

dense organisational networks of people sharing some common identity, who engage in a sustained series of non-institutionalised action

18
Q

what are the three most important elements of social movements? (Kriesi, 2008)

A
  1. Common sense of identity
  2. Sustained action
  3. Non-institutionalised channels of operation
19
Q

what are some examples of social movements?

A

-Hippie movement
-Greenpeace
-Pegida