Thyroid

Question 1

Children with T1DM are at risk of which other autoimmune diseases and in what percentage?

Answer 1

Thyroid (20%)
Coeliac disease (5%)
Addison disease (<1%)

Question 2

Which investigations indicate hypothyroidism?

Answer 2

Elevated TSH with low T4

Question 3

Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism?

Answer 3

Agenesis or dysgenesis of thyroid gland

Question 4

3 causes of Primary congenital hypothyroidism are?

Answer 4

Agenesis or dysgenesis of thyroid
Ectopic thyroid
Dyshormonogenesis

Question 5

What type of hypothyroidism will newborn screening miss?

Answer 5

Secondary (pituitary or hypothalamic) disease

Question 6

What is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism in children?

Answer 6

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 7

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children?

Answer 7

Graves’ disease

Question 8

What treatment options are available for Graves’ disease

Answer 8

Anti-thyroid medications
Radioactive ablation (131I)
Subtotal thyroidectomy

Question 9

What are you worried about if someone presents with a solitary thyroid nodule?

Answer 9

Carcinoma (30 - 40%)

Adenoma (20 - 30%)