E3: Mammals

Question 1

What is hair composed of?

Answer 1

Keratin

Question 2

What two hormones do mammary glands produce?

Answer 2

• prolactin
• Oxytocin

Question 3

Where is prolactin produced?

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 4

What does prolactin do?

Answer 4

Similates milk production

Question 5

Where is oxytocin produced?

Answer 5

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 6

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 6

• contracting of smooth muscle forcing milk toward nipple

Question 7

Suckling by young stimulates what hormone to be released?

Answer 7

Oxytocin

Question 8

How many chambers in the heart do mammals have?

Answer 8

4 chambers

Question 9

Endothermic or ectothermic?

Answer 9

Endothermic: Homeotherms

Question 10

What does milk contain?

Answer 10

Sugar, proteins, fat, and antibodies

Question 11

What side of heart goes to the body?

Answer 11

Systemic (left side of heart)

Question 12

What side of the heart is thicker in myocardium?

Answer 12

The left side, bc it needs more pressure to push blood through body

Question 13

What side of the heart goes to the lungs?

Answer 13

Pulminary (right side)

Question 14

What does heterodont mean?

Answer 14

Teeth are not uniform

Question 15

What types of teeth do mammals have?

Answer 15

• incisors (cutting)
• canines (tearing)
• premolars (crush)
• molars (crush)

Question 16

What is significant about the digestive tract in mammals?

Answer 16

It is very long compared to body size

Question 17

What kind of diet lead to the longest digestive tract?

Answer 17

Herbivore (ruminant even longer)

Question 18

What breaks down cellulose?

Answer 18

Cellulase enzymes produced by protezoa in ruminants

Question 19

What diet has a larger cecum?

Answer 19

Herbivore

Question 20

What are the two subclasses?

Answer 20

• Prototheria (monotremes)
• Theria (viviparous)

Question 21

What is included in subclass prototheria?

Answer 21

Egg-laying mammals

Question 22

What are the two infraclasses of subclass theria?

Answer 22

• metatheria
• eutheria

Question 23

What are part of infraclass metatheria?

Answer 23

Marsupial mammals

Question 24

What are part of infraclass eutheria?

Answer 24

Placental mammals

Question 25

What kind of epidermal hairs do mammals have?

Answer 25

• guard hairs
• vibrissae

Question 26

What do guard hairs do?

Answer 26

• Protect undercoat (fights)
• make them look larger

Question 27

What do vibrissae do?

Answer 27

Tactile receptors

Question 28

Before the baby is born and it is not oxygenating its own blood, what does the right side of the heart do?

Answer 28

Blood that is meant to go in the lungs go into the aeorta to allow it to be used (ductis arteriosus) so it is ready when the baby is born

Question 29

What do nocturnal animals have to help with night vision?

Answer 29

Tepetum lucidum (reflective layer)

Question 30

What is the moveable part of the external ear called?

Answer 30

Pinnae

Question 31

What two types of ovulation are there?

Answer 31

• Spontaneous ovulation
• induced ovulation

Question 32

How does spontaneous ovulation work?

Answer 32

Released due to hormone fluctuation (most, includes us)

Question 33

How does induced ovulation work?

Answer 33

Released by physical stimulation of reproduction