7.1 Populations and ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

how does pH affect an ecosystem

A

can affect enzymes and surface proteins
breaks hydrogen bonds and changed tertiary structure

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2
Q

how does light intensity affect an ecosystem

A

more light available = faster rate of photosynthesis therefore more energy for seed production increasing population

the more plants grow the more food is available for animals therefore less competition

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3
Q

habitat

A

place where an organism lives

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4
Q

population

A

all the individuals of a given species in the same area at the same time

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5
Q

species

A

a group of closely related individuals which are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

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6
Q

community

A

all the individuals of a given species living together in the same area at the same time

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7
Q

niche

A

where an organism lives and what its role is there

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8
Q

abiotic factors

A

non living factors which affect the distribution of an organism
e.g. temperature, light intensity, water availability, pH

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9
Q

biotic factors

A

living factors which affects the distribution of an organism
e.g. competition, predation

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10
Q

ecosystem

A

all the living and non living components of an area

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11
Q

how does temperature affect an organism

A

temp effects enzymes in an organism and therefore its overall metabolism
TOO COLD: enzymes wont have enough kinetic energy to catalyse a reaction and organism overall activity goes down
TOO HOT: enzymes may denature overall activity decreases

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12
Q

how does water availability and humidity affect an ecosystem

A

water acts as a solvent in cells and is involved in many reactions directly

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13
Q

interspecific competition

A

between members of different species

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14
Q

intraspecific competition`

A

between members of the same species

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15
Q

describe how you would investigate the distribution of marram grass from one side of the dune to the other (3)

A

place transect from 1 side of the dune to the other
place quadrats at regular intervals along the transect
count percentage cover in quadrats

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16
Q

outline a method the ecologists could have used to determine the plant species richness at one site (3)

A

using a quadrat measure out a 5m by 5m area
use a random number generator to determine coordinates to place quadrat at
count number of organisms of certain species in quadrat
repeat many time and calculate a running mean
continue until running mean within 0.5 of previous `

17
Q

how is mark-release-recapture used for estimating population size

A

a sample of a species is captured marked and then released back into the habitat
allow for enough time for organism to redistribute
recapture another sample of the species
count number of marked and unmarked
use n1 x n2 /nm to calculate population

18
Q
A