8.1 Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

stem cell

A

an undifferentiated cell which can specalise into other cells

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2
Q

totipotent stem cell

A

can differentiate into ALL cells
found within first 3 divisons of fertilisation

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3
Q

pluripotent stem cells

A

can differentiate into MOST cells
found in embryonic stem cells

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4
Q

multipotent stem cells

A

can differentiate into SOME cells
eg adult stem cells in bone marrow

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5
Q

unipotent stem cells

A

can differentiate into ONE type of cell
found in adults

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6
Q

epigenetics

A

heritable changes in gene function without changes to the base sequence of DNA

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7
Q

transcription factors

A

proteins which when activated bind to the promoter region of a gene stimulating RNA polymerase to transcribe the target gene
can control rate of production

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8
Q

duplication mutation (chromosomal)

A

a section of a chromosome is copied so there is two versions

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9
Q

inversion mutation (chromosomal)

A

two sections of the chromosome are switched

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10
Q

explain how increased methylation could lead to cancer

A

methyl group could be added to tumor suppressor gene
this inhibits the transcription of tumor surpressor gene leading to uncontrolled cell divison

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11
Q

one way in which benign tumours differ from malignant tumors

A

benign tumours cannot spread to other parts of body malignant can

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12
Q

genome

A

all the genes of an organism

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13
Q

oestrogen only affects target cells explain why oestrogen does not affect other cells in the body.

A

other cells do not have oestrgoen receptors only target cells do

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