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Finals > Neonatal ITU/TPN > Flashcards

Neonatal ITU/TPN Flashcards

1
Q

whats a neonate time frame

A

1-28 days

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2
Q

pre term baby is less than x weeks

A

37

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3
Q

adolescent is x to y

A

10-19

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4
Q

4 serious paediatric illnesses

A

epilepsy, asthma, obesity, T1DM

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5
Q

first trimester is 0-12 weeks, list some different organs that form in this period

A

organs, eyes, ears, moving foetus

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6
Q

heart beat starts at week

A

6

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7
Q

2nd trimester is between what 2 weeks

A

13 - 26

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8
Q

why are drugs avoided in the first trimester

A

all major organs formed in this time

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9
Q

baby starts to move in the second trimester, what different things are formed in this time

A

hair, eyelashes, muscles, bone

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10
Q

3rd trimester is week 27 to

A

40

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11
Q

what happens in the third trimester

A

lung surfactant, skin thickening, bone mineralisation, rapid growth

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12
Q

common cold is a common viral illness that is easily spread via close contact, how can it be treated in children

A

otc paracetmol or ibuprofen for fever, muscles aches or headache

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13
Q

children are more prone to ear infections than adults and can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, give some symptoms

A

ear pain
fever
irritability
difficulty sleeping
tugging at ear

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14
Q

give some symptoms of influenza

A

fever
sore throat
fatigue
body aches
chills

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15
Q

most cases of flu can be managed at home, at might they managed

A

medication
fluids
rest

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16
Q

bronchiolitis occurs when airways in lungs swell and produce mucus, what are some symptoms

A

coughing
soreness in chest
fatigue
headaches
body ache
sore throat

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17
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects resp system and causes mild like cold symptoms, however can be more dangerous in young infants and older adults, why

A

cause inflammation in airways and cause pneumonia

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18
Q

hand foot and mouth disease HFMD symptoms

A

skin rash
fever
mouth sores
flu like symptoms

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19
Q

symptoms of conjuctivitis/ pink eye

A

redness
discharge
itchiness
swelling in 1/ both eyes

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20
Q

how is conjuctivitis treated

A

abx ointment/ eye drops

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21
Q

treatment for gastroenteritis/ stomach flu

A

rest
giving fluids to avoid dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea

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22
Q

most sinusitis is caused by viruses, name the symptoms

A

runny, stuffy nose
headache
pressure/ pain in face
sore throat
cough

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23
Q

what bacteria causes strep throat

A

streptococcus pyrogens
abx to treat

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24
Q

10 commonest birth defects

A

congenital heart defects
hypospadias
VSD
clubfoot
downs syndrome
pulmonary valve atresia + stenosis
cleft lip w cleft palate
cleft palate
AVSD
limb deformities

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25
Q

weight of low birth weight baby

A

below 2.5kg

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26
Q

weight of very low birth weight baby

A

below 1.5kg

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27
Q

weight of extremely low birth weight baby

A

below 1kg

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28
Q

most receptors are in higher or smaller numbers in neonates

A

smaller

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29
Q

is gastric pH higher or lower in neonates

A

higher

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30
Q

is gastric emptying time slower or faster in neonates

A

slower

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31
Q

adults gastric emptying time between 12 and x hrs

A

24

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32
Q

do neonates have a large or small amount of bile

A

small - fat soluble vitamins not absorbed well

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33
Q

is a gastric acid present in baby born before 32 weeks

A

no

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34
Q

a childs gut ph doesnt reach adult values for approx x years

A

3

35
Q

paracetamol is conjugated by glutathione, babys dont have glutathione so what should be done to dose

A

reduce

36
Q

why does a baby need feeding asap

A

low body fat so no reserves

37
Q

do water soluble drugs (eg gentamicin) in neonates need higher or lower dosing?

A

higher

38
Q

do neonates require higher or lower doses of fat soluble drugs

A

lower

39
Q

albumin levels are low in neonates hence free level of drug must be measured if protein binding required true or false

A

true

40
Q

are liver enzymes increased or reduced in neonates

A

reduced

41
Q

where are anti epileptic drugs NTLevels metabolised

A

liver

42
Q

gfr takes x months to attain adult values

A

3-5

43
Q

why is jaundice in a neonate particularly important to treat?

A

BBB not fully functional so bilirubin can enter and stay in the brain causing permanent brain damage

44
Q

if jaundice is mild to moderate what is treatment

A

uv light

45
Q

if jaundice is severe what is the treatment

A

blood transfusion

46
Q

give a drug that can be given in a single dose to mop up bilirubin and cause jaundice

A

immunoglobulin

47
Q

alwaysc cehck hm weeks neonate is born at. what is CGA

A

corrected gestational age

48
Q

proportionally do babies drink more or less fluid than adults

A

more

49
Q

every degree of temp increases metabolic rate hence babies require more or less fluid

A

more

50
Q

fluid req for neonates from days 1 2 3 4 increases from 60, 90, 120 to

A

150 ml/kg

51
Q

what artery and vein can be used to give drugs if babies are sick

A

umbilical

52
Q

umbilicus must be used within how many days of life before it dies

A

2

53
Q

if a premature baby cant feed what needs to be started

A

intravenous feeding

54
Q

what iv fluid is usually used for feeding

A

10% glucose =/- IV Na, K, Ca..

55
Q

po delayed abs initially improves when baby is on milk, IM is largely unused why

A

reduced muscle mass, perfusion and sa can cause erratic levels

56
Q

im route is rarely used apart from

A

vit k and immunizations

57
Q

immunizations are at what weeks

A

8,12,16

58
Q

surfactant is given to neonates that need it in the lung via

A

ETT

59
Q

what drug is used in resus

A

adrenaline

60
Q

true or false, oxygen is a drug that must be prescribed and too much can cause blindness in babies due to overproduction of blood vessels

A

true

61
Q

intraosseous route of admin is rarely used, what is it

A

directly into bone

62
Q

topically babies have good abs due to the thin layer of x which means only 0.5% hydrocortisone or chlorhexidine may be used

A

stratum corneum

63
Q

1st line abx in neonates

A

benzylpenicillin and gentamicin

64
Q

2nd line abx in neonates

A

fluclox
cefotaxamine
vancomycin
meropenem

65
Q

Prophylaxis abx

A

trimethoprim

66
Q

HAP abx

A

mupirocin

67
Q

viral abx

A

acyclovir
ganiclovir
zidovudine

68
Q

antifungals in neonates

A

fluconazole
miconazole

69
Q

why do patients on ventilators require muscle relaxants and pain killers

A

if they are paralysed they cant express pain

70
Q

ventilator drugs commonly used in neonates

A

morphine and atracurium

71
Q

what is used in babies to prevent apnoea of prematurity

A

caffeine citrate

72
Q

chronic lung disease in neonates is treated with diuretic treatment using

A

chlorthiazide or spironolactone

73
Q

how is CHD in neonates treated

A

with PGE 2-prostin (dinoprostone)

74
Q

how is PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) treated

A

ibuprofen clsoes duct

75
Q

how is PPHN treated

A

nitric oxide/ sildenafil

76
Q

hypotension treatment in neonates

A

inotropes,
hydrocortisone, dobutamine, dopamine

77
Q

hypertension treatment in neonates

A

hydralazine

78
Q

resus drugs used for neonates SAD

A

sodium bicarb
adrenaline
dextrose
NaCl 0.9%

79
Q

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) tx in neonates

A

domperisone
gaviscon
ranitidine
omeprazole

80
Q

all babies given vit K why

A

prevent haemorrhagic disease

81
Q

what can be used for cradle cap

A

olive oil

82
Q

anaemia, thrombocyto, albuminaemia, deranges clotting tx in neonates

A

FFP
cryoprecipitate
platelets
albumin

83
Q

why might steroids be given to the mother in preterm labour?

A

to mature fetal lungs

84
Q

why might you need to give phosphate to a preterm baby

A

bone mineralisation happens happens between 33-35 weeks

Finals (29 decks)

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