Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is, all our mental abilities –
perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding.

studies how people acquire and apply knowledge or
information.

A

Cognitive Psychology

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2
Q

The term
“cognition” stems from the Latin word

A

“cognoscere” or “to know”.

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3
Q

Cognitive psychology is based on two assumptions:

A

(1) Human cognition can at least in principle be fully revealed by the scientific method, that is, individual components
of mental processes can be identified and understood, and

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4
Q

Cognitive psychology is based on two assumptions:

A

(2) Internal mental processes can be described in terms of rules or algorithms in information processing models. There
has been much recent debate on these assumptions

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5
Q

three main approaches in cognitive psychology:

A

experimental cognitive psychology, computational cognitive psychology, and neural
cognitive psychology.

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6
Q

treats cognitive psychology as one of the natural sciences and applies experimental methods
to investigate human cognition.

A

Experimental Cognitive Psychology

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7
Q

develops formal mathematical and computational models of human cognition based on symbolic and sub symbolic representations, and dynamical systems.

A

Computational cognitive psychology

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8
Q

It uses brain imaging (e.g., EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, SPECT, Optical Imaging) and neurobiological
methods (e.g., lesion patients) to understand the neural basis of human cognition.

A

Neural cognitive psychology

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9
Q

are composed of separate senses (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory) and processing modules

A

Perceptual systems

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10
Q

It solves the problem of information overload in cognitive processing systems by selecting some information for further processing, or
by managing resources applied to several sources of information simultaneously

A

Attention

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11
Q

It improves the response of the organism to the environment. Cognitive psychologists study which new information is acquired and
the conditions under which it is acquired.

A

Learning

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12
Q

The study of the capacity and fragility of human memory is one of the most developed aspects of cognitive psychology. Memory study
focuses on how memories are acquired, stored, and retrieved.

A

Memory

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13
Q

refers to the ability to organize the perception and classification of experiences by the construction of functionally relevant categories

A

Concept Formation

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14
Q

making is everywhere – voluntary behavior implicitly or explicitly requires judgment and choice. The historic foundations of choice are based in normative or rational models and optimality rules, beginning with expected utility theory

A

Judgment and decision

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15
Q

It is the process by which logical arguments are evaluated or constructed. Original investigations of reasoning focused on the extent to which humans correctly applied the philosophically derived rules of inference in deduction

A

Reasoning

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16
Q

is the study of how humans pursue goal directed behavior. The computational state-
space analysis and computer simulation

A

Problem Solving

17
Q

approaches focus on the formal structures of languages and language use , cognitive psychology has focused on language acquisition, language comprehension, language production, and the psychology of reading

A

Language Processing

18
Q

Cognitive psychology research has produced an extensive body of principles, representations, and algorithms.

A

Appplication

19
Q

five fundamental ideas.

A
  1. Empirical data and theories are both important
  2. Cognition is generally adaptive, but not in all specific instances
  3. Cognitive processes interact with each other and with no cognitive processes.
  4. Cognition needs to be studied through a variety of scientific methods.
  5. All basic research in cognitive psychology may lead to applications, and all applied research may lead to basic understandings.
20
Q

for gathering data and for testing hypotheses.

A

Empirical Methods

21
Q

for interpreting data, constructing theories, and
formulating hypotheses based on theories.

A

Rationalist Method

22
Q

_______ are constantly evolving.

A

Syntheses