Module 2

Question 1

It is the field of study linking the brain and other aspects of the nervous system to cognitive
processing and, ultimately, to behavior. The brain is the central processing unit in everything that we do. The organ in our bodies that most directly controls our thoughts, emotions, and motivations

Answer 1

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

Question 2

is the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us

Answer 2

nervous system is

Question 3

is generally the farthest forward, toward what becomes the face. It is the region of the
brain located toward the top and front of the brain.

Answer 3

Forebrain

Question 4

The forebrain comrprises the

Answer 4

cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the
limbic system, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.

Question 5

is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres. a vital role in our thinking and other mental processes

Answer 5

cerebral cortex

Question 6

dysfunction can result in motor deficits. These deficits include tremors, involuntary
movements, changes in posture and muscle tone, and slowness of movement.

Answer 6

basal ganglia

Question 7

allows us to suppress instinctive responses (e.g., the impulse to strike someone
who accidentally causes us pain).
help us to adapt our behaviors flexibly in
response to our changing environment.

Answer 7

Limbic System

Question 8

The limbic system comprises three central interconnected cerebral structures:

Answer 8

the septum, the amygdala,and the hippocampus.

Question 9

is involved in anger and fear.

Answer 9

Septum

Question 10

plays an important role in emotion as well, especially in anger and aggression

Answer 10

Amygdala

Question 11

plays an essential role in memory formation .It gets its name from the Greek word
for “seahorse,” its approximate shape.
is essential for flexible learning and for seeing the relations among items learned as well as for spatial memory

Answer 11

hippocampus

Question 12

A disease that produces loss of memory function is

Answer 12

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 13

relays incoming sensory information through groups of neurons that project to the
appropriate region in the cortex.

Answer 13

thalamus

Question 14

regulates behavior related to species survival: fighting, feeding, fleeing, and
mating.

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

helps to control eye movement and coordination. The midbrain is more important in non-mammals where it is the main source of control for visual and auditory information.

Answer 15

midbrain

Question 16

is generally farthest from the forebrain, near the back of the neck The hindbrain
comprises the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum.

Answer 16

hindbrain

Question 17

controls heart activity and largely controls breathing, swallowing, and
digestion.

Answer 17

medulla oblongata

Question 18

(from Latin,“little brain”) controls bodily coordination, balance, and muscle tone, as well as some aspects of memory involving procedure-related movements

Answer 18

cerebellum

Question 19

plays an extremely important role in human cognition. It forms a 1- to 3-millimeter layer that wraps the surface of the brain somewhat like the bark of a tree wraps around the trunk.

Answer 19

Cerebral cortex

Question 20

transmit electrical signals from one location to another in the nervous system

Answer 20

Neurons

Question 21

neocortex is the part of the brain associated with complex cognition. This tissue can contain
as many as 100,000 neurons per cubic millimeter

Answer 21

neocortex

Question 22

which contains the nucleus of the cell is responsible for the life of the neuron and connects the dendrites to the axon.

Answer 22

Soma

Question 23

are branchlike structures that receive information from other neurons, and the soma integrates the information.

Answer 23

dendrites

Question 24

a white, fatty substance that surrounds some of the axons of the nervous system, which accounts for some of the whiteness of the white matter of the brain.

Answer 24

Myelin sheathes a

Question 25

are small gaps in the myelin coating along the axon, which serve to increase
conduction speed even more by helping to create electrical signals, also called action potentials, which are then conducted down the axon.

Answer 25

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 26

toward the front of the brain, is associated with motor processing and higher
thought processes, such as abstract reasoning, problem solving, planning, and judgment

Answer 26

Frontal Lobe

Question 27

the region toward the front of the frontal lobe, is involved in complex motor
control and tasks that require integration of information over time

Answer 27

prefrontal cortex

Question 28

at the upper back portion of the brain, is associated with somatosensory
processing. It receives inputs from the neurons regarding touch, pain, temperature sense, and limb

Answer 28

parietal lobe,

Question 29

directly under your temples, is associated with auditory processing

Answer 29

Temporal Lobe

Question 30

lobe is associated with visual processing.The occipital lobe is the major visual
processing center in the brain.

Answer 30

Occipital Lobe

Question 31

is a brain disorder caused by a stroke.

Answer 31

vascular disorder

Question 32

occur when the flow of blood to
the brain undergoes a sudden disruption.

Answer 32

Stroke

Question 33

Occurs when a buildup of fatty tissue occurs in blood vessels over a period of years, and a piece of this tissue breaks off and gets lodged in arteries of the brain.

Answer 33

1.Ischemic stroke

Question 34

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain suddenly breaks. Blood then spills into
surrounding tissue. As the blood spills over, brain cells in the affected areas begin to die.

Answer 34

Hemmorhagic stroke,

Question 35

also called neoplasms, can affect cognitive functioning in very serious ways.

Answer 35

Brain Tumor

Question 36

This result from many causes, such as a car accident, contact with a hard object, or a bullet wound.

Answer 36

Head Injuries

Question 37

an injury to the head area that may cause instant loss of awareness or alertness for a few minutes up to a few hours after the traumatic event.

Answer 37

Concussion

Question 38

is a break in the skull bone.

Answer 38

SKull fracture

Question 39

This is the most common type of skull fracture. In a linear fracture, there
is a break in the bone, but it does not move the bone.

Answer 39

Linear Skull Fracture

Question 40

This type of fracture may be seen with or without a cut in the scalp.

Answer 40

Depressed skull fractures.

Question 41

These are fractures that occur along the suture lines in the skull. The sutures are the areas between the bones in the head that fuse when we are children.

Answer 41

Diastatic skull fractures.

Question 42

This is the most serious type of skull fracture, and involves a break in the bone at the
base of the skull.

Answer 42

Basilar skull fracture.

Question 43

This occurs when a blood clot forms underneath the skull, but on top of the dura, the tough covering that surrounds the brain.

Answer 43

Epidural hematoma.

Question 44

occur when a blood clot forms underneath the skull and underneath the dura, but outside
of the brain.

Answer 44

Subdural Hematoma

Question 45

is a bruise to the brain itself. A contusion causes bleeding and swelling inside of the brain
around the area where the head was struck.

Answer 45

Contusion or intracerebral hematoma.