C3.2

Question 1

• particle that settles and received by ocean basin floors and margins of continents from different sources that serves as a rich source of nutrients of the organisms within the ocean

Answer 1

SEDIMENT

Question 2

CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTS (3)

Answer 2

.1 Sediments based on SOURCES
2. Sediments based on PATERNS OF DEPOSIT
3. Sediments based on PARTICLE SIZE

Question 3

Sediments based on SOURCES (4)

Answer 3

LITHOGENOUS SEDIMENTS
HYDROGENOUS SEDIMENTS
COSMOGENOUS SEDIMENTS
BIOGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 4

sediments derived from rocks above or at the sea level weathered by wind, water and continual freezing and thawing.

Answer 4

LITHOGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 5

the resulting particles are transported to the oceans by water, wind, gravity and ice and deposited, mostly, on the continental margins smaller amounts are carried to the deep sea vents.

Answer 5

LITHOGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 6

windblown dust from arid areas and ash from volcanoes are additional
sources of ____

Answer 6

lithogenous particles.

Question 7

sediments that are produced in seawater by inorganic chemical processes

Answer 7

HYDROGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 8

inorganic chemical processes that result in hydrogenous sediments (2)

Answer 8

> by direct precipitation from seawater, or
→ by alteration of preexisting material

Question 9

most are formed from the slow precipitation of minerals onto the sea floor, but some are created by the precipitation of minerals in the column like plumes from hydrothermal vents.

Answer 9

HYDROGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 10

hydrogenous sediments include: (3)

Answer 10

carbonates
phosphorites
manganese nodules

Question 11

limestone-type deposits

Answer 11

carbonates

Question 12

contain phosphorus in the form of phosphate and occasionally found as nodules of about 25 cm in wel as do not appear to be actively accumulating

Answer 12

phosphorites

Question 13

most abundant in continental shelf and upper part of continental slope.

Answer 13

phosphorites

Question 14

deposits of manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper in the form of black or brown rounded masses typically 1 cm in diameter with approximately a size of golf ball.

Answer 14

manganese nodules

Question 15

manganese nodules are
normally constituted of__% Mn,__% Fe and about __% to ___% on Ni, Co and Cu.

Answer 15

18;
17;
0.5 to 0.2

Question 16

they grow layer by layer at a rate of 1- 10 mm per million
of years.

Answer 16

manganese nodules

Question 17

are iron-rich sediments found in small amounts in all oceans scattered on
the surface of the other sediments.

Answer 17

COSMOGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 18

Particles from the outer space become very hot and partially melted, as they pass Earth’s atmosphere. Such melting gives the particles a ___ or __shape.

Answer 18

rounded or teardrop

Question 19

their impact can cause a splash of melted particles that spray outward and produce splash-form___.

Answer 19

COSMOGENOUS SEDIMENTS
tektites

Question 20

sediments formed from the remains of living organisms

Answer 20

BIOGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 21

• biogenous Sediments’ chemical composition is either ____ and/ or a _____

Answer 21

calcareous (calcium carbonate or shell material);
siliceous (clear and hard)

Question 22

= fine sediments from the deep sea that are more than 30% fine biogenous sediments by weight.

Answer 22

OOZE

Question 23

2 types of ooze:
.

Answer 23

1 Calcareous Ooze
2. Siliceous Ooze

Question 24

are formed from the remains of small animals and plants that are distributed worldwide

Answer 24

Calcareous Ooze

Question 25

types of calcareous
ooze based on sources: (3)

Answer 25

Foraminiferan Ooze;
Pteropod Ooze;
Coccolithophore Ooze

Question 26

sediments formed from shells of a single-celled relative of amoeba called ___

Answer 26

foraminifera

Question 27

sediments formed from shells of small, graceful, swimming snails.

Answer 27

Pteropod Ooze

Question 28

sediments from minute single- celled plants known as ____, covered with calcareous plates called ___

Answer 28

coccolithophores
coccoliths

Question 29

formed from siliceous remains of marine organisms that are
resistant to dissolution and break down slowly

Answer 29

Siliceous Ooze

Question 30

types of siliceous ooze based on sources: (2)

Answer 30

Diatomaceous Ooze;
Radiolarian Ooze

Question 31

in colder and temperate latitudes, single-celled plants called___ are the only principal source of siliceous materials

Answer 31

diatomaceous ooze;
diatoms

Question 32

in equatorial latitudes, siliceous sediments are from single-celled, amoeba-like animal called___ that
produces a siliceous outer shell covered with long spines.

Answer 32

radiolarian;
Radiolarian ooze

Question 33

Sediments Based on Patterns of Deposit (3)

Answer 33

TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS;
NERITIC SEDIMENTS;
PELAGIC SEDIMENTS

Question 34

are deep-sea sediments that have been deposited seaward of the continental shelves.

Answer 34

PELAGIC SEDIMENTS

Question 35

coastal sediments that come from land and sea sources and are
found deposited under the shallow waters of the continental shelf

Answer 35

NERITIC SEDIMENTS

Question 36

sediments that are derived from land and are found close to their land source

Answer 36

TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS

Question 37

Geologist use a ___ size scale that is based on the ____to describe these size ranges.

Answer 37

phi (Ф);
negative power of 2