CN II: optic nerve Flashcards
what is retrobulbar neuritis?
inflammation of the optic nerve just behind the optic nerve head
in what conditions does retrobulbar neuritis most commonly occur?
MS, meningitis, tumours and toxins
what are s&s for retrobulbar neuritis?
painful eye movement
foggy/blurred vision
partial or complete vision loss
colours are less rich
eye is tender on palpation
diminished eye reflex
what is papilloedema?
optic disc swelling resulting secondary to raised intracranial pressure
papilloedema might indicate:
brain tumour
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
CNS inflammation
thrombosis
what are the s&s of
papilloedema?
headache (posterior, worse in the morning and when laying down)
nausea, vomiting
pulsatile tinnitus
visual impairment
what will you find on examination in a patient with papilloedema?
bilateral optic disc swelling
enlarged blind spot
blurring of the optic margins
haemorrhages over optic disc
what is giant cell arteritis?
inflammation of lining of arteries (most commonly the arteries of the temporal region)
what are the s&s of giant cell arteritis?
headache
scalp tenderness
jaw pain
vision problems
fever, fatigue, unintended weight loss
what condition is giant cell arteritis commonly associated?
polymyalgia rheumatica
what are the symptoms of raised intracranial pressure?
headache (worse in morning, aggravated by bending and coughing)
vomiting
papilloedema
what is anisocoria?
inequality of pupil diameter (<0.5 mm)
what is corectasia/myoadrasis?
pathological dilation of the pupil
what is miosis?
constriction of the pupil
what is ptosis?
drooping of the eyelid
