African American Opposition - Political

Question 1

What were Andrew Johnson’s term dates?

Answer 1

1865-1869 (just 4 years - thus didn’t win reelection)

Question 2

Who assumed presidency upon Lincoln’s assassination

Answer 2

Andrew Johnson

Question 3

What was Andrew Johnson’s background?

Answer 3

• Moderate Democrat
• From the South (North Carolina)
• Held pro-slavery views
• Supported the union

Question 4

How did Andrew Johnson oppose the progression of African American Civil Rights?

Answer 4

• Attempted to block legislature drafted by Radical Republicans in congress, by vetoing it
• Pardoned many southern rebels
• Wanted to immediately readmit Southern States back into the union, without Northern influence which would allow them to control their own reconstruction

Question 5

How effective was Johnson in his opposition to Civil Rights?

Answer 5

Almost completely ineffective - a consistent 2/3’s majority in congress overrode his veto, and his impeachment trial significantly reduced his political influence, which led to him serving out the rest of his term quietly

Question 6

When was the Hayes compromise?

Answer 6

1877

Question 7

What was the Hayes compromise?

Answer 7

Democrats would accept Rutherford B Hayes as the new President following a disputed election, in return for Northern troops leaving the South

Question 8

What was the impact of the Hayes Compromise?

Answer 8

End of Reconstruction

Question 9

What was the impact of the end of reconstruction?

Answer 9

States regaining control over their territory allowed
- White Southerners to retain their old way of life
- Limit some of the rights African Americans possessed

Question 10

What was the impact of Grant’s corruption?

Answer 10

It undermined his authority and ended up giving more power to the states throughout reconstruction

Question 11

What did the Slaughterhouse Case determine?

Answer 11

Asserted states rights, ruling that civil rights should stay under the control of the state rather than federal control. Whilst the 14th amendment protected a person’s individual rights it did not protect his or her state civil rights.

Question 12

What did the US v. Cruikshank case determine?

Answer 12

Ruled that Federal authorities were only able to take action against the states rather than individuals, implemented following over a hundred arrests by Federal authorities, which prevented federal intervention in the Jim Crow era

Question 13

When was the US v. Cruikshank ruling?

Answer 13

1876

Question 14

When was the Slaughterhouse Case?

Answer 14

1873

Question 15

Name 5 voting requirements implemented by Southern States?

Answer 15

• Poll Tax
• Property qualifications (some states required you to own $300 or 400 acres worth of land)
• Literacy tests (intentionally ambiguous questions)
• Grandfather clauses (if you’re grandfather couldn’t vote neither could you)
• Residency requirements

Question 16

Why were the voting requirements implemented?

Answer 16

To prevent black people from voting in the south

Question 17

Name 3 Presidents who favoured states rights over civil rights?

Answer 17

• Grover Cleveland (D)
• William Howard Taft (R)
• Warren Harding (R)

Question 18

What Congressional Act did the Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?

Answer 18

The Civil Rights Act 1875

Question 19

What was the republican congress’s standpoint on Civil Rights throughout the Gilded Age?

Answer 19

Were not prepared to interfere in Southern States - maintaining the compromise of 1877

Question 20

What were Woodrow Wilson’s policies regarding Civil Rights?

Answer 20

• Segregated government agencies
• Appointed segregationist southerners to his administration
• Dismissed all black advisors in the federal government

Question 21

Why did President’s not take action against Civil Rights in the Gilded Age?

Answer 21

They realised it was not productive for their political career since they knew black people couldn’t and there was strong anti Civil Rights sentiment from White Supremacists who could vote

Question 22

When was Plessy v. Furgusson?

Answer 22

1896

Question 23

What did Plessy v. Furgusson determine?

Answer 23

Ruled that the segregation of rail cars was legal so long as the facilities were equal, which set the precedent for all forms of segregation

Question 24

Which Supreme Court case ruled that poll tax and similar devices were legal?

Answer 24

Mississippi v. Williams (1898)

Question 25

Give an example of limited Black voting registry in a town

Answer 25

Selma, Alabama 1965
50% of the total population, but only 1% of African Americans were registered to vote