Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Septa form ___ cone-shaped lobules, each containing one or more convoluted seminiferous tubules. Each tubule is U-shaped and has a stretched length of ___. Interstitial (Leydig) cells lie in the loose tissue surrounding the tubules and are responsible for ___. Toward the apices of the lobules, the seminiferous tubules become ___ and enter the mediastinum testis to form an anastomosing network of tubules lined by flattened epithelium. This network, known as the ___, forms 12 to 20 efferent ductules and passes into the largest portion of epididymis, the caput..

Answer 1

Septa form 200-300 cone-shaped lobules, each containing one or more convoluted seminiferous tubules. Each tubule is U-shaped and has a stretched length of nearly 1 m. Interstitial (Leydig) cells lie in the loose tissue surrounding the tubules and are responsible for testosterone production. Toward the apices of the lobules, the seminiferous tubules become straight (tubuli recti) and enter the mediastinum testis to form an anastomosing network of tubules lined by flattened epithelium. This network, known as the rete testis, forms 12 to 20 efferent ductules and passes into the largest portion of epididymis, the caput.

Question 2

There are three arterial supplies to the testis: (3). The ___ is the main blood supply to the testis, and its diameter is greater than the deferential and cremasteric arteries combined. 5

Answer 2

There are three arterial supplies to the testis: the testicular (internal spermatic) artery, the artery of the vas deferens (deferential artery), and the cremasteric (external spermatic) artery. The testicular artery is the main blood supply to the testis, and its diameter is greater than the deferential and cremasteric arteries combined

Question 3

. The testis is enveloped by a tough capsule composed, from external to internal, of the ___ , the tunica ___, and the tunica ___, before reaching the parenchyma of the testis. The tunica albuginea is composed of ___ that pass through collagenous tissue.

Answer 3

The testis is enveloped by a tough capsule composed, from external to internal, of the visceral tunica vaginalis, the tunica albuginea, and the tunica vasculosa, before reaching the parenchyma of the testis. The tunica albuginea is composed of smooth muscle cells that pass through collagenous tissue.

Question 4

. This interstitial tissue makes up 20% to 30% of the testicular volume. The testicular interstitial tissue includes Leydig cells, mast cells, macrophages, nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Answer 4

. This interstitial tissue makes up 20% to 30% of the testicular volume. The testicular interstitial tissue includes Leydig cells, mast cells, macrophages, nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Question 5

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve follows the ___ through the inguinal canal, supplies the cremaster muscle, and supplies sensation to the anterior scrotum.

Answer 5

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve follows the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal, supplies the cremaster muscle, and supplies sensation to the anterior scrotum.

Question 6

Three distinct anatomic distributions of nerves have been isolated within the spermatic cord and are thought to be the primary contributors in men with chronic orchialgia. These include: (3)

Answer 6

a perivasal complex, posterior periarterial/lipomatous complex, and intracremasteric complex

Question 7

There are extremely ___ between Sertoli cells, which provide an intracellular barrier that allows for spermatogenesis in an __ site. This is the barrier known as the __.

Answer 7

There are extremely strong tight junctions between Sertoli cells, which provide an intracellular barrier that allows for spermatogenesis in an immune-privileged site. This is the barrier known as the bloodtestis barrier.

Question 8

At its midpoint, the urethra turns approximately __anteriorly, but this angulation can vary from __. This angle divides the prostatic urethra into __ and ___ segments, which are functionally and anatomically discrete.

Answer 8

At its midpoint, the urethra turns approximately 35 degrees anteriorly, but this angulation can vary from 0 to 90 degrees. This angle divides the prostatic urethra into proximal (preprostatic) and distal (prostatic) segments, which are functionally and anatomically discrete.

Question 9

The ___ can contribute significantly to prostatic volume in older men as one of the sites of origin of BPH. The ____ commonly gives rise to BPH.

Answer 9

The periurethral glands can contribute significantly to prostatic volume in older men as one of the sites of origin of BPH. The transition zone commonly gives rise to BPH.

Question 10

The prostate is enveloped by a ___,__,__ and ___. The capsule measures ___ posteriorly and laterally on average. There is no true prostatic capsule at the ___ of the prostate, where normal prostate glands are seen blending into the striated muscle of the urethral sphincter.

Answer 10

The prostate is enveloped by a collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle capsule. The capsule measures 0.5 mm in thickness posteriorly and laterally on average. There is no true prostatic capsule at the apex of the prostate, where normal prostate glands are seen blending into the striated muscle of the urethral sphincter.

Question 11

Through the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes. The penis, scrotum, and perineum drain into the ___ lymph nodes. These nodes can be divided into __ groups and ___ groups.

Answer 11

The penis, scrotum, and perineum drain into the inguinal lymph nodes. These nodes can be divided into superficial groups and deep groups.

Question 12

Unlike the transitional epithelium of the remainder of the urethra, the urethral mucosa that traverses the glans penis is _____. These cells become keratinized near the ___

Answer 12

squamous epithelium. These cells become keratinized near the meatus.

Question 13

The dartos layer of smooth muscle is ___ with Colles fascia, Scarpa fascia, and the dartos fascia of the ___.

Answer 13

The dartos layer of smooth muscle is anatomically continuous with Colles fascia, Scarpa fascia, and the dartos fascia of the penis.

Question 14

The normal testicle measures __ cm and has a volume of __

Answer 14

The normal testicle measures 2.5 × 3 × 4 cm and has a volume of 15 to 25 mL.

Question 15

Although there are three arteries that supply the testis, the __ is the most important, and its ligation may result in __

Answer 15

testicular artery ,testicular atrophy

Question 16

The testis, epididymis, vas, and seminal vesicles are innervated by the __, which is made up of afferent and efferent nerves.

Answer 16

AUTONOMIC SYSTEM

Question 17

The anatomic zones of the prostate include the___, which is the site of benign prostatic hyperplasia; the central zone, which contains the __ ; the Peripheral zone, which contains 70% of the __ and where 70% of ____ occur; and the anterior zone, which is made up of ___.

Answer 17

TRANSITION ZONE

EJACULATORY DUCTS

70% of the glandular epithelium and where 70% of prostate cancers

fibromuscular stroma.

Question 18

A __ septum separates the corpora cavernosa, one from the other, and allows for ____ between the vascular spaces of the corpora bodies. that traverses the glans penis is squamous epithelium

Answer 18

A permeable septum separates the corpora cavernosa, one from the other, and allows for free communication between the vascular spaces of the corpora bodies.

Question 19

Scrotal lymphatics cross/do not cross the midline and drain into the ipsilateral groin

the penis, where the lymphatics __, allowing drainage to either groin.

Answer 19

Scrotal lymphatics do not cross the midline and drain into the ipsilateral groin, unlike the penis, where the lymphatics cross over, allowing drainage to either groin irrespective of the side of the lesion

Question 20

The rete testis forms __ efferent ductules and passes into the largest portion of epididymis, the __

Answer 20

The rete testis forms 12 to 20 efferent ductules and passes into the largest portion of epididymis, the caput