M30: Female Reproductive System II

Question 1

Name 3 general regions of the uterus

Answer 1

Fundus
Body
Cervix

Question 2

name walls of the uterus

Answer 2

superficial to deep

• perimetrium (visceral peritoneum, folds create BROAD LIGAMENT, which attaches uterus to pelvic cavity)
• myometirum
• endometrium

Question 3

ligament that holds ovary to uterus

Answer 3

ovarian ligament

Question 4

histology of endometrium

Answer 4

deep to superficial

• simple columnar epithelium
• areolar CT (aka STROMAL LAYER)
• endometrial glands (that extend from epithelial tissue to CT)

Question 5

2 main regions of endometrium

Answer 5

STRATUM FUNCTIONALIS
- gets shed during menses
STRATUM BASALIS
- stays during meses

Question 6

spiral arterioles

Question 7

histology of myometrium

Answer 7

• 3 layers of smooth muscle
• thickest at fundus
• inner/outer longitudinal or oblique
• middle circular

Question 8

histology of vagina

Answer 8

MUCOSA: stratified squamous epithelium
MUSCULARIS: inner circular, outer longitudinal smooth muscle. Allows for considerable stretch
ADVENTITIA: areolar CT, binds to other organs

Question 9

epithelial cells in mucosa of vagina

Answer 9

stratified squamous

Question 10

mons pubis

Answer 10

fatty pad that protects pubis symphysis

Question 11

prepuce of the clitoris

Answer 11

section of labia minora that covers clitrois

Question 12

name for clitoral tissue that extends down either side of the vagina

Answer 12

bulb of vestibule

Question 13

hormones that control female reproductive cycle come primarily from…

Answer 13

• hypothalamus
• anterior pituitary gland
• ovaries

Question 14

ovarian vs uterine cycle

Answer 14

OVARIAN
- changes in ovary during and after maturation of oocyte

UTERINE CYCLE
- preparation of uterus to receive fertilized ovum
- if implantation doesn’t occur, stratum functionalis shed

Question 15

role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 15

• controls cycles by stimulating release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) from ANTERIOR PITUITARY

Question 16

FSH role

Answer 16

initiates growth of follicles that secrete estrogen
- estrogen maintains reproductive organs

Question 17

role of LH

Answer 17

stimulates ovation and promotes formation of corpus luteum which secretes estrogens, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin

Question 17

role of progesterone and estrogens

Answer 17

prepare the uterus for implantation

Question 18

role of relaxin

Answer 18

facilitates implantation in relaxed uterus
- stops smooth muscle from contractiong

Question 19

role of inhibin

Answer 19

inhibits secretion of FSH, stops the growth of more follicles

Question 20

4 phases of reproductive cycle

Answer 20

1. menstrual
2. preovulatory
3. ovulation
4. post ovulatory

Question 21

menstrual phase of reproductive cycle

Answer 21

First day is beginning of reproductive cycle

IN OVARY:
- FSH stimulates primordial follicles to form primary oocytes and primary form secondary

IN UTERUS:
- declining levels of estrogens and progesterone cause SPIRAL ARTERIES of functionalis layer to constrict. Causes cellular death due to lack of O2

Question 22

preovulatory phase of reproductive cycle

Answer 22

Lasts from day 6-13 (most variable time)

IN OVARY (follicuar phase)
- secondary follicles secrete estrogen and inhibin, slows secretion of FSH (other follicles stop growing)
- dominant follicle survives to day 6
- by day 14, mature follice has enlarged and bulges at surface
- increasing estrogren levels trigger secretion of LH

IN UTERUS (proliferative phase)
- increasing estrogen repairs and thickens status functionalis

Question 23

ovulation phase of reproductive cycle

Answer 23

Day 14

• rupture of follicle
• caused by increasing estrogen -> stimulates GnRH release -> stimukates anterior pituitary to release more LH and FSH

Question 24

when do we see the highest levels of LH during reproductive cycle

Answer 24

just before ovulation

Question 25

postovulatory phase of reproductive cycle

Answer 25

Lasts 14 days - time between ovation and menses

Question 26

role of corpus luteum

Answer 26

secretes hormones
- estrogen and progesterone