Module 4: Emotional Development and Attachment

Question 1

Ainsworth’s strange situation

Answer 1

a sequence of staged episodes that illustrate the type of attachment between a child and (typically) their mother

Question 2

attachment

Answer 2

the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual

Question 3

disorganized attachment (type D)

Answer 3

a type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregiver’s departure and return

Question 4

emotional regulation

Answer 4

the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed

Question 5

insecure-avoidant attachment (type A)

Answer 5

a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or even return

Question 6

insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment (type C)

Answer 6

a pattern of attachment in which an infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion

Question 7

secure attachment (type B)

Answer 7

a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of their caregiver

Question 8

secure base

Answer 8

a parental presence that gives children a sense of safety as they explore their surroundings

Question 9

self-awareness

Answer 9

a person’s realization that they are a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people

Question 10

separation anxiety

Answer 10

fear or distress caused by the departure of familiar significant others; most obvious between 9-14 months

Question 11

social smile

Answer 11

a smile evoked by a human face, normally first evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth

Question 12

stranger wariness

Answer 12

fear is often associated with the presence of strangers where an infant expresses concern or a look of fear while clinging to a familiar person

Question 13

temperament

Answer 13

inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation, which is measured by the person’s typical responses to the environment