appearance of calculus

Question 1

what is the composition of calculus?

Answer 1

70% inorganic salts
30% -micro-organisms and organic material

Question 2

what are the 4 inorganic salts in calculus?

Answer 2

Magnesium Whitlockite

Octacalcium phosphate

Calcium Brushite

Calcium Hydroxyapatite

Question 3

Calcium Brushite is more common in what type of calculus?

Answer 3

supragingival calculus

Question 4

Magnesium whitlockite is more common in what type of calculus?

Answer 4

sub gingival calculus

Question 5

what are organic stubstances in calculus?

Answer 5

Mainly proteins and carbohydrates

Small amounts of lipids

Desquamated epithelial cells

Leucocytes

Question 6

Two main theories are concerned with the mineralisation of plaque and formation of calculus are?

Answer 6

The Precipitation Theory

The Nucleation Theory

Question 7

what is the precipitation theory?

Answer 7

increase in pH, by:
- loss of CO2 production of ammonia.
- increase in the concentration
of ions

Question 8

what is the nucleation theory?

Answer 8

salt crystals formed, aided by seeding agents:
S. Salivarius & Leptothrix Buccalis