thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to change 1kg of a substance by 1k without changing its state

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2
Q

what is the equation for energy during a temperature change

A

∆E=mc∆θ

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3
Q

what is specific latent heat

A

the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature

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4
Q

what is the equation for energy during a state change

A

∆E=ml

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5
Q

what is specific latent heat of fusion

A

energy required in turning a solid to liquid

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6
Q

what is specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

energy required in turning a liquid to gas

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7
Q

what is internal energy

A

the sum of the randomly distributed potential and kinetic energy of all particles in a substance

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8
Q

what can cause an increase in total internal energy

A

a rise in temperature as it increases the average kinetic energy

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9
Q

what unit for temperature should be used in thermodynamics

A

kelvin

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10
Q

how to convert Celsius to kelvin

A

+273

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11
Q

what are the kinetic theory assumptions

A

-the motion of molecules is random
-collisions between molecules are elastic
-time taken during a collision is negligible compared to time between
-molecules move in a straight line at a constant speed
-all particles are identical (same mass and volume)
-intermolecular forces are negligible

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12
Q

Boyles law

A

links pressure to volume, they are inversely proportional

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13
Q

Charles’ law

A

links volume to temperature, they are directly proportional

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14
Q

pressure law

A

links temperature and pressure, directly proportional

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15
Q

ideal gas law

A

combination of Boyles, Charles and the pressure law, linking temperature, volume and pressure
constant=pV/T

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16
Q

what is the constant in the ideal gas law

A

pV=NKT
therefore NK is the constant where k is the Boltzmann constant and N is the number of particles

17
Q

kinetic energy of a gas molecule

A

1/2 . m <c^2>

18
Q

what is a black body radiator

A

a perfect emitter and absorber of all possible wavelengths of radiation

19
Q

two laws for black body radiators

A

wines law and the Stefan-boltzman law

20
Q

if there is a change in temperature and the original pressure is given in a fixed volume, what equation should be used

A

p1/T1=p2/T2. this is because NK/V is a constant.

21
Q

why does temperature not change during a change in state

A

the average KE of the molecules is constant. the thermal energy increases the potential energy of the particles which causes the molecules to separate (breaking their molecular bonds)

22
Q
A