Chapter 7 Grammar Flashcards
(+) [S wa] + method + DE + [N wo] + V-masu。
S do (V) [N] by “method”
Method of doing action
Amerika-jin wa naifu to fuooku DE suteeki wo tabemasu。
Americans eat steak with knife and fork.
(?) [S wa] + nani de + [N wo] + V-masuka。
—Method + DE + [N wo] + V-masu。
How does S do (V) [N]?
(?) Method of doing action
Indo-jin wa nani DE gohan wo tabemasuka。
—Te DE tabemasu。
—[they] eat [meals/rice]with their hands.
How do Indians eat [meals/rice]?
(sth) Sore wa + Target lang + DE + nandesuka。
How to say/call sth in another language
Sorewa Nihongo de nandesuka。
—korewa Nihongo de「keshigomu」desu。
What is that called in Jpese?
–This is called “keshigomu” in Jpese.
(“OG lang” wa) + Target lang-go + DE + nandesuka。
How to say/call sth in another language
「I love you」wa Nihongo de nandesuka。
—「Aishiteiru」desu。
–It’s “Aishiteiru”.
How do you say “I love u” in Jpese?
(+) A wa + B ni + N wo + age-masu
Giver wa - Receiver ni
Give-receive
[Watashi wa] chichi ni purezento wo agemashita。
[I] gave my father a present.
(x) DON’T USE
A wa + Watashi [no kazoku] + ni + N wo + age-masu
Give-Receive
“A gifted me”
This sounds arrogant and rude, since the giver is in a lower position. Say “watashi wa A ni N wo moraimasu” (I received from A) instead.
(+) A wa + B ni + N wo + morai-masu
Receiver wa - Giver ni
Give-Receive
Watashi wa chichi ni purezento wo moraimashita。
I received a present from my father.
(x) DO NOT USE
A wa + watashi [no kazoku] + ni + N wo + morai-masu
Give-Receive
“A received from me”
Summary: don’t use “watashi [no kazoku] ni” (B part)
(+) A wa + B KARA(ni) + N wo + age-masu。
kara can be used, especially if ORGANIZATION
Give-Receive
ABC kaisha KARA denwa wo moraimashita。
I received a call from ABC (company)
Dare ni + [N wo] + age-masuka?
— ~ni age-masu.
Give [what] to who?
Give-Receive
Dare ni purezento wo agemasuka?
—[Watashi wa] chichi ni purezento wo agemasu.
Dare ni + [N wo] + morai-masuka?
Receive [what] from who
Give-Receive
Dare ni purezento wo moraimasuka?
—[Watashi wa] chichi ni purezento wo moraimasu.
Time + [N wo] + shimashitaka?
Did you do~?
Kinou shukudai wo shimashitaka?
—Hai, shimashita.
—Iie, shimasendeshita.
Did you do your homework last night?
MOU + [N wo] + shimashitaka?
—Hai, MOU shimashita.
—Iie, madadesu.
Have you done~?
mou = hoàn thành rồi
Mou shukudai wo shimashitaka?
—hai, mou shimashita.
—Iie, madadesu.
