Chapter 10 Grammar

Question 1

(+) N (objs) GA + arimasu.
(+) N (ppl/animl) GA + imasu.

there is / exist, “ga” indicate S

Answer 1

Tsukue GA arimasu.

There is a table.

Question 2

(?) Location NI + (asking word “dare, nani” etc.) GA + (ar)imasuka?

Answer 2

Kyoushitsu ni naniga arimasuka?
—tsukue ga arimasu.

What’s in the classroom? / Anything in classroom?

Question 3

(+) Location NI + N (objs) GA + arimasu
(+) Location NI + N (ppl/animl) GA + imasu

Answer 3

Kyoushitsu ni tsukue GA arimasu.

There is a table in the classroom.

Question 4

(?) N wa + asking word NI + (ar)imasuka?

Answer 4

Tsukue wa doko ni arimasuka?
—tsukue wa doko desuka?

Where is the table at?

Question 5

(+) N wa + location NI + (ar)imasu

“wa” indicate topic, focus specific.

Answer 5

Tsukue wa kyoushitsu ni arimasu.
= [tsukue wa] kyoushitsu desu.

The table is in the classroom.

Question 6

N₁ NO + position NI + N₂ GA + arimasu.

Answer 6

Tsukue NO ue NI (or DE) shashin GA arimasu.

There is a photo on (top of) the table.

Question 7

(+) Location NI + N_{(obj, ppl/ani)} + YA + N_{(obj, ppl/ani)} + [NADO] + GA (ar)imasu.

Answer 7

Tsukue no ue ni tegami ya shashin [NADO] ga arimasu.

There is a letter, a picture [and so on] on the table.

Question 8

Donna + N + GA + V-masuka/Adj-desuka?

Answer 8

Donna ryouri ga kirai desuka?
Donna kuruma ga arimasuka?

What kind of food do you dislike?
What kind of car do you have?

Question 9

~kara

objective reason lead to consequence

Answer 9

okane ga arimasen KARA, [watashi wa] ginkou ni karimasu.

because~, I borrow~

I don’t have money, so~