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Jorge ENI > Lesions > Flashcards

Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary lesion?

A

Primary skin lesion – develop as a direct result of the disease process
Secondary skin lesion – evolve from primary lesions or develop as a consequence of the patient’s activities

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2
Q

What is a secondary pyoderma

A

bacterial infection which is complicating an underlying skin disease

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3
Q

What is a papule?

A

Primary lesion
A small solid elevation of the skin less than 1cm in diameter

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4
Q

What is a nodule?

A

Primary leison
A solid elevation of the skin greater than 1cm in diamtere that usually extends into the deeper skin layers

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5
Q

What is plaque (lesion)

A

Secondary lesion
A large flatter elevation of the skin, sometimes formed by papules coalescing

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6
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Primary lesion
A small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing pus

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7
Q

What is a macule?

A

Primary lesion
A circumscribed flat area of change in colour of the skin less than 1 cm in diameter.

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8
Q

What is a patch?

A

Primary lesion
A circumscribed flat area of change in colour of the skin exceeding 1 cm in diameter.

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9
Q

What is scale?

A

Can be primary or secondary lesion
An accumulation of loose cornified fragments of the epidermis

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10
Q

What is crust

A

Secondary lesion
A dried exudate on the skin surface, either serum, blood or pus or a combination

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11
Q

What is an erosion?

A

Secondary lesion
A break in the continuity of the epidermis that does not penetrate the basement membrane

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12
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Secondary lesion
A break in the continuity of the epidermis that penetrates the basement membrane

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13
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Secondary lesion
A cacvity with an epithelial lining

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14
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Primary lesion
A circumscribed, raised lesion consisting of dermal oedema

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15
Q

What is erythema?

A

Primary lesion
Abnormal redness of skin or mucous membranes

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16
Q

What is an epidermal collarette?

A

Secondary lesion
A circular lesion with a circular rim of scale and or a peeling edge

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17
Q

What is a follicular cast?

A

Primary lesion
An accumulation of keratinous debris around the hair shaft seen protruding from trhe follicular ostium or present when hairs are plucked and examined

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18
Q

What is a comedone?

A

Primary lesion
A dilated hair follicle devoid of hair and plugged with keratinous debris (a ‘blackhead’)

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19
Q

What is a sinus/fistula?

A

Primary lesion
An abnormal passage between a hollow organ and the skin surface

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20
Q

What is an excoriation?

A

Secondary lesion
Erosion or ulceration caused by scratching, biting or rubbing

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21
Q

What is lichentification?

A

Secondary lesion
An accentuation of the skin marking giving an elephant skin like appearance

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22
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Secondary lesion
Linear split through the epidermis into the underlying dermis

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23
Q

What is detected via coat brushing/combing?

A

superficial parasties especially fleas

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24
Q

What is detected using an unstained acetate tape strip?

A

Surface mites

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25
Q

What is detected using a superficial skin scrape?

A

surface parasites

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26
Q

What can be detected with a deeper skin scrape?

A

parasites burrowing in epidermis

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27
Q

What is the best site to detect a sarcoptes mite?

A

lesions on pinnal margin, elbows, hocks and ventrum

28
Q

What are the best sites to look for demodex mites?

A

areas of alopecia, comedones and hyperprigmentation

29
Q

What are some common pitfalls of skin scrapes?

A
30
Q

What is demodicosis?

A

When mites multiply out of control

31
Q

What is the appearance of a telogen hair bulb?

A

spear shaped
rough
no pigment

32
Q

What is the appearance of an anagen hair bulb?

A

rounded
smooth
+/- pigmented centre
bulb may fold around shaft when plucked

33
Q

What does angular broken ends of hair tips indicate?

A

self-inflicted hair loss and probable pruritus

34
Q

What is a Wood’s Lamp exam and when would you use it?

A

In any patient suspected of having ringworm
Illuminate area of interest in a darkened room - microsporum canis will show green fluorescence
Negative fluorescence does not mean dermatophytosis is not present

35
Q

How can you confirm dermatophytosis after performing a Wood’s lamp exam?

A

Perform fungal culture using McKenzie toothbrush technique

36
Q

What is skin surface cytology used for?

A

visualising cells and microbes on skin surface

37
Q

What type/site of lesion and staining is used for a direct impression smear?

A

Moist/greasy lesions e.g., ruptures pustule, skin under crusts
Accessible sites
Diff-quick stain (fixative, eosin and methylene blue)

38
Q

What type/site of lesion and staining is used for a cotton bud smear/indirect impression smear?

A

Ear canal
Diff quick stain (fixative, eosin and methylene blue)

39
Q

What type/site of lesion and staining is used for an acetate tape strip

A

Dry lesions
Less accessible sites e.g., interdigital, skin folds
Eosin and methylene blue staining

40
Q

How do you perform a direct impression smear?

A

Glass slide pressed direct onto surface of lesion, air dried and stained

41
Q

How do you perfrom an indirect impression smear/cotton bud swab?

A

Insert into ear canal and roll cotton bud on skin surface. Then roll sample onto microscope slide. Heat fix/air dry and stain

42
Q

Why do you not use fixative (A) when staining an acetate tape strip?

A

may become brittle/cloudy
sample is already fixed by adhesion on tape

43
Q

What methods are there to visualise cells/microbes below skin surface?

A

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) for cytology (placed on slide and examined under microscope)
Tissue biopsy for histopathology (sent to external lab)

44
Q

When would you use bacterial culture on a skin surface swab?

A

If you needed to know the precise identity of a bacteria or its antibiotic suscepitibilty pattern

45
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Papule

46
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Nodule

47
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Plaque

48
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

vesicle

49
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Bulla

50
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Patch/macule

51
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Scale

52
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Crust

53
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Hypopigmentation

54
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Hyperpigmentation

55
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Erosion

56
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Ulcer

57
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Wheal

58
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Erythema

59
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Cyst

60
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Epidermal collarette

61
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Follicular cast

62
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Comedone

63
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Sinus/fistula

64
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Excoriation

65
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Lichenification

66
Q

What skin lesion is this?

A

Fissure

Jorge ENI (81 decks)

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