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med term exam 3 > endocrine general > Flashcards

endocrine general Flashcards

1
Q

specialized chemicals in blood that carry out functions

A

hormones

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2
Q

specific tissues that hormones seek out

A

targets

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3
Q

maintain equilibrium in body

A

homeostasis

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4
Q

Acting in opposition; mutually opposing

A

antagonistic

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5
Q

Salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body

A

electrolytes

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6
Q

Hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen

A

glucagon

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7
Q

Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

A

glucose

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8
Q

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

sympathomimetic

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9
Q

pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

another name for pituitary gland

A

hypophysis

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11
Q

what is the master gland

A

pituitary

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12
Q

anterior lobe of pituitary

A

adenohypophysis

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13
Q

posterior lobe of pituitary

A

neurohypophysis

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14
Q

what lobe of the pituitary makes hormones

A

adenohypophysis

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15
Q

what lobe of the pituitary stores hormones

A

posterior pituitary

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16
Q

the largest gland of the endocrine system, also an h shape

A

thyroid gland

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17
Q

strip of tissue that separates the thyroid into 2 parts

A

isthmus

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18
Q

major hormone secreted by the thyroid

A

thyroxine (T4)

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19
Q

what hormone is made from the conversion of thyroxine

A

triiodothyronine (T3)

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20
Q

what hormone:

Adrenal cortex—promotes secretion of corticosteroids, especially cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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21
Q

what hormone:

  • Ovaries—in females, stimulates egg (ova) production; increases secretion of estrogen
  • Testes—in males, stimulates sperm production
A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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22
Q

what hormone:

  • Regulates growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues
  • Increases use of fats for energy
A

Growth hormone (GH)

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23
Q

what hormone:

  • Ovaries—in females, promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone
  • Testes—in males, promotes secretion of testosterone
A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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24
Q

what hormone:

  • Breast—in conjunction with other hormones, promotes lactation
A

Prolactin (PRL)

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25
Q

what hormone:

  • Thyroid gland—stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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26
Q

what hormone:

  • Kidney—increases water reabsorption (water returns to the blood)
A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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27
Q

what hormone:

  • Uterus—stimulates uterine contractions; initiates labor
  • Breast—promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands
A

Oxytocin

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28
Q

what hormone causes Cushing disease if hyper secretion

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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29
Q

what hormone causes failure of female sexual maturation if hypo secretion

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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30
Q

what hormone causes dwarfism or giantism if hypo or hyper secretion

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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31
Q

what hormone causes poor lactation and failure of female sexual maturation if hypo secreted

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

32
Q

what hormone causes excessive milk secretion if hyper secreted

A

Prolactin (PRL)

33
Q

what hormone causes cretinism and myxedema if hypo secreted

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

34
Q

what hormone causes graves disease if hyper secreted

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

35
Q

what hormone causes diabetes if hypo secreted

A

ADH

36
Q

what hormone causes inappropriate ADH syndrome if hyper secreted

A

ADH

37
Q

what hormone:

  • Regulates calcium levels in the blood in conjunction with parathyroid hormone
  • Decreases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to blood
A

calcitonin

38
Q

at best, calcitonin is a weak ____ in adults

A

hypocalcemic

39
Q

what hormone:

  • Increases energy production from all food types
  • Increases rate of protein synthesis
A

T3 and T4

40
Q

what 2 hormones have the same disorders associated with them

A

thyroid stimulating and thyroid (T3 and T4)

41
Q

four separate glands located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

42
Q

what hormone:

  • Bones—increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood
  • Kidneys—increases calcium absorption and phosphate excretion
  • Small intestine—increases absorption of calcium and phosphate
A

parathyroid (PTH)

43
Q

what hormone causes tetany if hypo secreted

A

PTH

44
Q

what hormone causes osteitis fibrosa cystica if hypersecreted

A

PTH

45
Q

paired organs covering the superior surface of the kidneys

A

adrenal glands

46
Q

what type of steroid hormone is aldosterone

A

Mineralocorticoids

47
Q

what hormones act mainly through the kidneys to maintain the balance of electrolytes

A

Mineralocorticoids

48
Q

what type of hormone is cortisol

A

Glucocorticoids

49
Q

what type of steroid hormones influence the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

A

Glucocorticoids

50
Q

what type of hormones help maintain secondary sex characteristics

A

sex hormones

51
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenaline

52
Q

norepinephrine

A

noradrenaline

53
Q

what type of agents are epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

sympathomimetic

54
Q

what hormone:

  • Body cells—promote gluconeogenesis; regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; and help depress inflammatory and immune responses
A

Glucocorticoids

55
Q

what hormone:

  • Kidneys—increase blood levels of sodium and decrease blood levels of potassium in the kidneys
A

Mineralocorticoids

56
Q

what hormone causes Addison disease if hypo secreted (2)

A

Glucocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids

57
Q

what hormone causes Cushing syndrome if hyper secreted

A

Glucocorticoids

58
Q

what hormone causes aldosteronism if hyper secreted

A

Mineralocorticoids

59
Q

what hormone:

In females, possibly responsible for female libido and source of estrogen after menopause (otherwise, insignificant effects in adults)

A

Sex hormones

60
Q

what causes virilism if hyper secreted

A

Sex hormones

61
Q

what causes males being feminized if hyper secreted

A

Sex hormones

62
Q

what hormone:

  • Sympathetic nervous system target organs—hormone effects mimic sympathetic nervous system activation (sympathomimetic), increase metabolic rate and heart rate, and raise blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction
A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

63
Q

what hormone leads to prolonged fight or flight if hyper secreted

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

64
Q

endocrine gland inferior to the stomach in a bend of the duodenum

A

pancreas

65
Q

where does the pancreas secrete its hormones out of

A

islets of Langerhans

66
Q

what hormone in the pancreas:

alpha cells
beta cells

A

glucagon
insulin

67
Q

stimulates the release of glucose from storage sites in the liver when blood glucose levels are low

A

glucagon

68
Q

lears glucose molecules from the blood by promoting their storage in tissues as carbohydrates when blood glucose levels are high

A

insulin

69
Q

insulin and glucagon work ______

A

antagonistically

70
Q

what does a hypo secretion of insulin cause

A

diabetes mellitus

71
Q

what does a hyper secretion of cause hyperinsulinism

A

insulin

72
Q

is a small organ shaped like pine cone and located deep within the brain, just behind the thalamus

A

pineal gland

73
Q

what gland secreted melatonin

A

pineal

74
Q

butterfly-shaped gland that lies at the base of the neck and is formed mostly of lymphatic tissue

A

thymus gland

75
Q

what endocrine gland also plays a role in immunity

A

thymus

76
Q
A
77
Q
A

med term exam 3 (20 decks)

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