Ch 9 Flashcards
Ancient Diet
Tollund Man was buried in a bog.porridge was found with his remains. the porridge consisted of wild grasses and linseed. no meat was found in his belly. the Ice Man of the Alps ate all kinds of protein like meat but showed many signs of malnutrition.
Gobekli Tepe Carvings; Turkey 1994
a landmark where occupants were still hunting and gathering instead of farming. they constructed shrines called megaliths. they were normally T shaped pillars that weighed as much as 10 tons. they were made by limestone from near quarries.
Animal Bones
broken bones can tell us a little ancient hunting, herding and butchery. in east aftica a site showed hominins chewed and but bones more than 2 million years ago. on more modern sites showed that people utilized carcasses to the maximum that they could.
Species Abundance & Cultural Change
climate change was most likely the cause of long term affects of animal species during the ice age. some changes in animal bone collections were shifted due to humans though. in a cave in the cape coast stone age hunters lived about 130000 years ago. this was during a colder climate which made them take seals shellfish and penguins. in a nearby bay late stone age people occupied around 20000 years ago. they took more mammals like buffalo fish and birds.
Game Animals
north american paleo-indian bands used game drives, spears, and other weapons to hunt herds of now extinct animals. 20000 years ago in russia they worked on hunting but mammals such as mammoths due to the need of resources during the harsh winters. the winters lasted up to 8 months.
Ancient Butchery
prehistoric people hunted animals and used their skins for garmets and tents or their stomach for bags. domesticated animals gave meat or could be used to transportation or milk. determining the sex can also tell us a lot about the history due to the differences in size. such as bison which male and female could be determined by just the size of their bones.
Rock Art
rock art can often give us insight to activities long ago. many examples of hunting and fishing communities have shown by the art of their daily lives plastered on walls. David Williams and others used oral traditions to help interpret these images.
Ceide Fields, Ireland
Caulfield who grew up near these fields mapped more than 4 miles of the landscape that was undisturbed since 2400 BC. Be uncovered and showed the difference in warmer and colder climate after the ice age. this was shown through pine forests showing up in this area.
Households at Marki, Cyprus 2200 BC
it is important to look at social changes through entire communities through time. few projects have achieved this but recent discoveries might change that. the bronze age village occupied 500 ish years after 2400 BC. During these years the village grew into a 15 acre settlement. the top population was 400 people. it was an amazing farming community and a copper mining settlement.
Geographic Information Systems & Roman Wroxeter, England
most roman towns lie under major modern cities. wroxeter however does not. many artifacts were found and for years people mapped out the outlines of the settlement. these studies didn’t give them any answers to anything though.
Archaeology of Landscapes
the céide fields in ireland are a good example of this. the stone age landscape isn’t all that is there. the bears that inhabit the area show proof of much later occupation. this includes banded farms which are proof from the potato famine.
Sacred Landscaped; Mirrors of the Intangible
places such as pyramids, stone henge, etc. are all examples of ritual sites. they are sacred places that played heavy roles in communities. they ensured the consistency of cultural traditions. to demolish a sacred place was to destroy the essence of human existence itself.
Maeshowe & Stoned of Stenness
this was a passive grave. 45 meters across 3 meters deep. a long entrance leads to a center chamber with 3 rooms. monoliths stand inside them. such as a communal grave.
