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MT 6312 > UNIT 5 LEC: NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES > Flashcards

UNIT 5 LEC: NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

NCDs are also known as

A

Chronic Diseases

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2
Q

They are of _____ duration and generally _____ progression

A

long; slow

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3
Q

A characteristic, condition, or behaviour that
increases the likelihood of getting a disease or injury

A

risk factors

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4
Q

The risk factors can be either

A

modifiable or nonmodifiable

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5
Q

Surveillance of non-communicable can be difficult because of

A

○ Lag time between exposure for a health condition
○ More than one exposure for a health condition
○ Exposure link to more than one health condition

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6
Q

A risk factor that cannot be reduced or controlled
by intervention

A

nonmodifiable risk factors

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7
Q

examples of nonmodifiable risk factors

A

age
gender
race
family history (genetics)

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8
Q

examples of modifiable risk factors

A

tobacco use
unhealthy diet
physical inactivity
harmful use of alcohol

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9
Q

kills up to half of its users

A

Tobacco

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10
Q

caused by secondhand smoking

A

heart disease and lung cancer

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11
Q

__% of the world’s population does not get
enough physical activity

A

31

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12
Q

11.5% of all drinkers are

A

episodic, heavy drinkers

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13
Q

Heavy drinking - on average

A

Male > 2 glasses
Female > 1 glass

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14
Q

Binge drinking - single occasion

A

Male ≥ 5 glasses
Female ≥ 4 glasses

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15
Q

refers to the biochemical processes
involved in the body’s normal functioning

A

Metabolic Risk Factors

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16
Q

Top 1 Leading Non-Communicable Diseases (Mortality Rates) in the Philippines, both sexes, all ages

A

Cardiovascular Diseases

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17
Q

disease of the blood
vessels supplying the heart muscle

A

Coronary Heart Disease

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18
Q

disease of the blood
vessels supplying the brain

A

Cerebrovascular Disease

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19
Q

disease of blood
vessels supplying the arms and legs

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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20
Q

damage to the heart
muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever,
caused by streptococcal bacteria

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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21
Q

malformations of heart structure existing at birth

A

Congenital Heart Disease

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22
Q

blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and
move to the heart and lungs

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

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23
Q

”Novel” Risk Factors in CVD

A

Excess homocysteine in blood
Inflammatory
markers (C-reactive protein)
Abnormal blood coagulation (elevated blood levels of fibrinogen)

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24
Q

A chronic disease that occurs either when the
pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when
the body cannot effectively use the insulin it
produces leading to hyperglycemia.

A

Diabetes mellitus

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25
Q

Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in

A

middle- to low-income countries

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26
Q

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is previously known as

A

insulin-dependent
juvenile
childhood-onset

27
Q

Characterized by deficient insulin production and
requires daily admins of insulin

A

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

28
Q

Formerly called non-insulin-dependent, or
adult-onset

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

29
Q

A temporary condition that occurs in pregnancy and
carries long-term risk of type 2 diabetes

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

30
Q

Gestational diabetes mellitus is diagnosed through ________ screening, rather than
through reported symptoms

A

prenatal

31
Q

Cancer is aka

A

malignant tumors and neoplasms

32
Q

A generic term for a large group of diseases due to
the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow
beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjourning parts of the body and spread to
other organs

A

Cancer

33
Q

Causes of cancer

A

physical carcinogen
chemical carcinogen
biological carcinogen

34
Q

Risk factors of cancer

A

Biomedical factors
Lifestyle factors
Environmental factors

35
Q

causes T-cell leukemia

A

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1

36
Q

caused by Human Papillomavirus

A

Cervical cancer

37
Q

caused by Hepatitis B and C Virus

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

38
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

39
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus causes

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal Cancer

40
Q

Presented Cancer Prevention Recommendations

A

American Institute for Cancer Research

41
Q

Screening for cervical cancer (in low-income settings)

A

Visual Inspection with acetic acid

42
Q

Screening for cervical cancer (in middle- and
high-income settings)

A

PAP Cytology

43
Q

HPV Testing is for _________ cancer screening

A

cervical

44
Q

Screening for breast cancer (in settings with strong or
relatively strong health systems)

A

Mammography Screening

45
Q

Diseases of the airways and other structures of the
lung

A

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

46
Q

Curable/Treatable: Chronic Respiratory Diseases

A

Treatable

47
Q

Causes sporadic breathing difficulties

A

Asthma

48
Q

Most common non-communicable disease among children

A

Asthma

49
Q

Characterized by a persistent reduction of airflow

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

50
Q

COPD is caused by a mixture of:

A

Small airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis)
Parenchymal destruction (emphysema)

51
Q

A combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions,
emotions, behavior, and relationships with others

A

Mental disorders

52
Q

Compromises a broad range of problems with
different symptoms

A

Mental Disorders

53
Q

Leading cause of disability around the world

A

Depression

54
Q

A mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks

A

Bipolar Disorder

55
Q

Two episodes of Bipolar Disorder

A

Manic episode
Depressive episode

56
Q

A severe mental disorder

A

Schizophrenia

57
Q

Types of Schizophrenia Symptoms

A

Positive
Negative

58
Q

Begins in late adolescence or early adulthood

A

Schizophrenia

59
Q

A chronic or progressive nature; deterioration in cognitive function
beyond what might be expected from normal
aging

A

Dementia

60
Q

Caused by a variety of diseases and injuries that
affect the brain

A

Dementia

61
Q

An umbrella term covering intellectual disability and
pervasive developmental disorders

A

Developmental disorders

62
Q

Usually have a childhood onset but tend to persist into adulthood

A

Developmental disorder

63
Q

Developmental disorder is characterized by impairment of _____ across
multiple developmental areas

A

skills

MT 6312 (8 decks)

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