Supporting Nutrition Flashcards
Proper nutrition + physical activity can:
- potential prevention of some disease
- reduction in the risk for developing others
- increase feelings of wellbeing
BMI <18.5
underweight
BMI 18.5-24.9
normal
BMI 30-34.9
obese (class 1)
BMI 25.0-29.9
overweight
BMI 35-39.9
Obese (class 2)
BMI >40
Obese (class 3/”morbidly obese)
waist: hip ration
- when the waist measurement is close to the same as the hip measurement, there is a higher risk of disease
- differences in ratio exist between men and women
- risk to health is greater in women if waist measures above 35 inches and above 40 inches for men
Apple shaped people
greater risk to health as fat is stored around organs (deep fat)
- “pear” shape the hat is not stored in the organs; stored in the hips
positive energy balance occurs when
caloric intake is greater than caloric output
over time, calries consumed in excess contribute to
weight gain
one pound of fat is equivalent to ______ calories
3500
an extra 500 calories per day per week can result in
weight gain of 1 pound per week
reducing the intake of 500 calories a day for a week can result in
1 pound of weight loss
Nutrition during growth and development for infants through school aged children
- breastfeeding
- formula
- introduction to solid food
- childhood obesity
nutrition fro growth and development through adolescents
- nutritional deficiencies
- eating disorders
- physical activity
- obesity
nutrtion through growth and development of young and middle-aged adults
- obesity
- pregnancy
- lactation
- lifestyle
nutrition during growth and development of older persons
- nutritional deficenies
- overall health status
- dehydration risk
- limitation in income and acess to food
- therapeutic diets
Age related gastrointestinal changes that can affect digestion of food and maintenance of nutrition
- changes in teeth and gums
- reduced salivary production
- atrophy or oral mucosla epithelial cells
- increased taste threshold
- decreased thirst sensation
- reduced gag reflex, and decreased esophageal and colonic peristalsis
what factors can effect older adults nutrition
- cognitive impairments (delirium, dementia, depression)
- presences of contributing medical factors (diabetes, heart failure and disease, lung disease, Gi disorders)- medications and their adverse effects (Anorexia, Xerostomia, Early satiety, impaired smell and taste preception)
Xerostomia
servere dryness of the mouth
Alternate food patterns can be based on:
- religion, cultural backgroud, ethics, health benefits, preference
- cultural meaning of food
- “hot” and “cold” foods
- vegetarian diet
- vegan diet
what are the essential nutrients and important minerals
- carbohydrates
- fiber
- fat
- protein
- sodium
- vitamin D
- Calcium
- iron
Simple carbohydrates
- monosaccarides
- disaccharides
- quickly released into the bloodstream apon digestion
Complex carbohydrates
- polysaccarides (glucose, glycogen, fibre)
- are not too sweet because molecules are too large for the tongues taste bud receptors for sweetness
Glucose metabolism
- provides energy for the cell
- nurns moreefficently and more completely than protein or fat
- required for brain, skeletal muscle, and blood cell function
what is a nutritional tool for glucose metabolism
Glycemic Index
Glycemic index purpose
helpful for choosing healthy foods when diabetic