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fracture repair 1 > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Which implant(s) are considered to be auxiliary implants?
Intramedullary pin

Cerclage wire

Interlocking nail

K-wire

Bone plate

External skeletal fixator

A

Intramedullary pin,

K-wire,

Cerclage wire

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2
Q

A low Fracture Assessment Score indicates which of the following?
Select one or more:

To expect rapid healing

To consider extra strong implants

To consider a bone graft

A

To consider a bone graft,

To consider extra strong implants

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3
Q

When should you take a bacterial swab, when dealing with open fractures?

A

After flushing before dressing

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4
Q

Which of the following aspects are considered during fracture classification?
Select one or more:

Profession

Age of animal

Age of fracture

Displacement

Cause

Stability

Function

A

Stability,

Displacement,

Age of fracture,

Cause

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5
Q

Which of the following treatments are suitable options for the left femoral fracture of feline patient?
Lag screw fixation

External skeletal fixation

Bone plate and intramedullary pin

Conservative management

A

External skeletal fixation,

Bone plate and intramedullary pin

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6
Q

Which of the following strategies belong to the principles of articular fracture repair?
Select one or more:

Anatomic reconstruction of the articular surface.

Rigid external fixation.

Strict immobilisation.

Interfragmentary compression.

A

Anatomic reconstruction of the articular surface.,

Rigid external fixation.,

Interfragmentary compression.

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7
Q

In order to avoid the sciatic nerve when applying in IM pin in normograde fashion into the femur, the leg of a cat should be held:

A

Adducted
Coxofemoral extension

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8
Q

The tension side of the femur is:

A

Lateral

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9
Q

The correct order, when placing a screw is:
Drill, measure, tap, screw

Drill, screw, measure, tap

Measure, drill, screw, tap

Screw, measure, tap, drill

A

Drill, measure, tap, screw

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10
Q

In a dynamic compression plate the screws can be angled:

A) 30° longitudinally and 10° transversely
B) 25° longitudinally and 7° transversely
C) 10° longitudinally and 0° transversely.
D) 20° longitudinally and 5° transversely

A

B) 25° longitudinally and 7° transversely

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11
Q

When compared to a cancellous screw, the core diameter of a cortical screw is:

A

Larger

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12
Q

In order to be stable, orthopaedic wire requires minimally at least how many twists?

A

1

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13
Q

Countersinking the screw results in:

A

Better distribution of forces between the head and the bone

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14
Q

Advantages of the SOP are:
Select one or more:
A) Relatively inexpensive
B) Can be contoured in three planes
C) Use standard cortical screws
D) Stronger than DCP
E) Low profile

A

A) Relatively inexpensive
B) Can be contoured in three planes
C) Use standard cortical screws

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15
Q

K-wires are:

A) Small Steinman pins
B) Ellis pins
C) Large Steinman pins
D) Positive profiled pins

A

A) Small Steinman pins

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16
Q

Advantages of external skeletal fixators over internal fixation techniques are:
A) Practical for the mandible
B) Allows adjustment to limb alignment
C) Stabilisation can be performed in a closed fashion
D) Removal of implants requires no sedation or general anaesthesia
E) Particularly useful for simple fractures
F) Management of open fractures

A

A) Practical for the mandible
B) Allows adjustment to limb alignment
C) Stabilisation can be performed in a closed fashion
F) Management of open fractures

17
Q

ESF pins should be placed:

A) a minimum of 50% of bone diameter away from the fracture line.

B) centrally within the bone.

C) on the same side of the connecting bar.

D) spread out evenly.

E) to have three pins in each major fragment.

F) to engage two cortices.

A

A) a minimum of 50% of bone diameter away from the fracture line.

B) centrally within the bone.

D) spread out evenly.

E) to have three pins in each major fragment.

F) to engage two cortices.

18
Q

When applying an ESF to the tibia:

A) an IM pin cannot be tied-in.
B) hybrid fixation is particularly useful for juxta-articular fractures.
C) an IM pin can be used.
D) a modification of a type 2 ESF is recommended.

A

B) hybrid fixation is particularly useful for juxta-articular fractures.
C) an IM pin can be used.
D) a modification of a type 2 ESF is recommended.

19
Q

Hybrid ESF frames combine:

A) External fixation with external coaptation
B) Internal and external fixation
C) ESF with interlocking nail
D) Linear and circular ESF

A

D) Linear and circular ESF

20
Q

There are very limited areas considered appropriate for pin placement on the femur. These are:

A) The greater trochanter
B) The medial epicondyle
C) The third trochanter
D) The lesser trochanter
E) The lateral epicondyle

A

A) The greater trochanter
E) The lateral epicondyle

21
Q

Addition of a type I frame to a bilateral construct result in:

A

Type III frame

22
Q

When using an IM pin in combination with an ESF, the IM-pin size should be selected, so that:

A) the IM pin has a diameter of 60% of medullary canal diameter.
B) the IM pin has a diameter of 35–40% of medullary canal diameter.
C) the IM pin has a diameter of 20–30% of medullary canal diameter.
D) the IM pin has a diameter of 45–50% of medullary canal diameter.

A

B) the IM pin has a diameter of 35–40% of medullary canal diameter.

23
Q

Predrilling for ESF pin placement should be performed with a drill of diameter what mm less than the pin core diameter?

A

0.1mm

24
Q

In the radius, placement of the following frame type is recommended?

A

Type Ib

25
Q

What three factors need to be considered when deciding how to treat a fracture?

A

1 Mechanical factors

2 Biological factors

3 Patient factors.

26
Q

Which forces act on the bone?

A

Axial compression

Bending

Torsion

Tension.

27
Q

List the equipment required to place the screws into a plate. In which order would you use the equipment for screw placement?

A

Drill bit, drill, drill guide, depth gauge, tap, screwdriver, screw

28
Q

A fracture assessment score of 1 indicates that bone healing will likely be what speed?

A

Very slow

29
Q

LCP is the abbreviation for

A

Locking compression plate

30
Q

Compared to a cancellous screw, a cortical screw has

  • a flatter pitch
  • lesser threads
  • a threaded head
  • a partial thread
A
  • a flatter pitch
31
Q

A Domestic shorthair cat sustains a highly comminuted tibial fracture. What stabilisation technique is, most likely, appropriate?

A

External skeletal fixation

32
Q

The blood supply to the femoral shaft of a cat is derived from:
* the adductor muscles
* the gluteal muscles
* the peroneal artery
* the cranial tibial artery

A
  • the adductor muscles
33
Q

In order to place a lag screw, a glide whole must be placed

a) Just distal of the thread hole.
b) In the cis cortex.
c) In the trans cortex.
d) Just proximal of the thread hole.

A

b) In the cis cortex.

34
Q

The term ‘hybrid use of a locking compression plate’ describes the simultaneous usage of locking with non-locking screws on the same plate. Which of the following statements concerning hybrid use of locking compression plates is correct?

a) Non-locking screws are placed first in any fragment.
b) If a monocortical screw is required, then use a cortical screw wherever possible.
c) Cortical screws will not compress the plate onto the bone.
d) The plate must be in contact with the bone in areas where locking screws are used.

A

a) Non-locking screws are placed first in any fragment.

35
Q

You plan to stabilise a femoral fracture in a German Shepherd Dog using a 3.5 DCP combined with an IM pin. Which drill bit size is correct to choose to drill the holes for the 3.5 mm cortical screws?
* 2.5 mm
* 2.8 mm
* 3.0 mm
* 3.4 mm

A
  • 2.5 mm
36
Q

You plan to stabilise an open tibial fracture with a mild degree of comminution in a 10kg mixed breed dog with a linear external skeletal fixator. What frame type is most appropriate in this clinical scenario?
* Type 1 external skeletal fixator
* Type 2 external skeletal fixator
* Type 2b external skeletal fixator
* Type 3 external skeletal fixator

A
  • Type 2 external skeletal fixator
37
Q

You are presented with a 6-month-old domestic short hair cat with a distal femoral physeal fracture (Salter Harris type 2). How do you place the K-wires used for fixation?
a) In a crossed fashion, so that they cross proximal of the fracture line
b) In a crossed fashion, so that they cross at the level of the fracture line.
c) Parallel to each other and perpendicular to the physis.
d) In Rush-pin fashion, bouncing off the medial cortical wall.

A

a) In a crossed fashion, so that they cross proximal of the fracture line

fracture repair 1 (10 decks)

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