Egyptian (3,000-1,275 BCE)

Question 1

Palette of King Narmer

Answer 1

Twisted perspective
Organized in registers (figures are bound to ground)
Idealized
Depicts the king who was responsible for the unification of Egypt
Iconography (white crown of Upper Egypt, bull tail attached to belt, fake beard, kilt, eternal youth, shoes)
Servant holding his shoes and oil to make him shine
Papyrus flower (symbol of Lower Egypt)
Falcon (Horus) stealing the papyrus (Lower Egypt)
Hiearchy of scale
Killing someone

Question 2

Seated scribe

Answer 2

Limestone (more abundant, less valuable, easier to carve)
Idealized (Ma’at)
Ka statue (in tomb of pharoah to do their job in the afterlife)
Iconography (scroll/stylus, sitting down, white kilt, alert, haircut, squishy)
Follows typical proportions of those in his job

Question 3

Great Pyramids and Sphinx

Answer 3

Shaped like solidified sun rays
Royal tombs
Steps on outside represent the steps to the heavens
Place of regeneration for dead pharaoh
Temple at base
Mastabas (underground burial chambers with ka statues for queens and other royals)

Question 4

Pyramid of Khufu

Answer 4

Locally quarried, angled stones
Honor
Unfinished underground chamber
Air shafts
Sarcophagus at central axis
Giant boats to transport the king to the afterlife

Question 5

Pyramid of Menkaure

Answer 5

Sarcophagus was lost at sea on its way to England
Statues of the king

Question 6

Pyramid of Khafre

Answer 6

Megalithic blocks with granite
Calcite floors
Statues of him

Question 7

Great Sphinx

Answer 7

First truly colassal artifact
Bedrock from Giza plateau
Has its own temple

Question 8

King Menkaura and queen

Answer 8

Part of the block they’re carved from
Weight is on back foot (no potential for forward movement)
Ureus (little cobra)
Nemes (stripped linen headcloth)
Upright position and weight signals power

Question 9

The Code of Hammurabi

Answer 9

Foreshortening
First written law that was displayed in public
Shamash (god) giving the laws to Hammurabi (he’s a conduit of the divine)

Question 10

Temple of Amun-Re and the hypostyle hall

Answer 10

Floor level raises and ceiling gets lower as you go further as a manifestation of the creation myth (Creator god emerged from a marsh)
Deities always point in the flow direction (like IKEA arrows)
East/west axis
District of Mut (wife of Amun-Re)
Cosmographic
Sacred lake (for ritual purification)
Pylon temples (huge gates on the central axis doorways, decorated to show the smiting of enemies)
Outside the temple = chaos, inside = order
Barque sanctuary = where god is
Hall is symbolic of the marsh (columns = reeds/papyrus plants) (capitals are lotuses and papyruses)
Open roofline (clerestory) to let the light in
King makes offerings, deity acts on behalf
Frieze (repetitive groupings of deities)
Balance
Normal peeps couldn’t get past the hall

Question 11

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut IDs

Answer 11

Axial
Built into a cliffside
Symmetrical
Religious temple (not tomb)
Real big to make you insignificant
Processions down the ramp to the other temple
3 terraces that get smaller as you move through them
Controlled access
Central causeway on horizontal axis (bilateral symmetry)
Sphinxes
Imported myrh trees
Hypostyle halls
Shrines
Chapel of Hathor (cow goddess)
Scultpures as Osiris (death god)
1st female pharaoh
Masculine depictions
Supported by the gods

Question 12

Ahkenaten, Nefertitit, and three daughters

Answer 12

Depicts the two adults as equal
Women were divine
Sun rays have hands because the sun gives you everything you need (the key of life)
Family portrait
Femenine proportions
Atan (sun disc) encircles men and women, so humans should do the same
Guy who moved the Egyptian capital to Amarna

Question 13

Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin

Answer 13

Death mask made of gold with lapis, turquoise and carnelian
Portraits of dead to preserve likeness so Ka can find you
Series of sarcophagi
Gold protects the body
Third layer doesn’t match Tut’s face
Once in the coffin, it’s put in a giant stone box
Open mouth
Forked object into the mouth or the Ka statue
Vessels with milk and water to revive spirit
Guardian figures
Statues and depictions of himself
Incantations of what to do after death

Question 14

Last Judgment of Hunefer

Answer 14

Trial of the deceased
Part of a handbook
Anubis weighing souls
Ammit (lion, crocodile, hippo, dog) eating the heavy souls
Thoth (scribe) taking notes
Horus (falcon)
Osiris

Question 15

Palette of King Narmer

Answer 15

Predynastic Egypt
3,000-2,920 BCE
Graywacke

Question 16

Seated scribe IDs

Answer 16

Saqqara, Egypt
2,620-2,500 BCE
Painted limestone

Question 17

Pyramids of Giza IDs

Answer 17

Egypt
2,550-2,490 BCE
Cut limestone

Question 18

King Menkaura and queen IDs

Answer 18

Old kingdom, fourth dynasty
2,490-2,472 BCE
Graywacke

Question 19

The Code of Hammurabi IDs

Answer 19

Babylon
1,792-1,750 BCE
Basalt

Question 20

Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall IDs

Answer 20

Karnak, Egypt
18th-19th century
Sandstone and mud brick

Question 21

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut ID

Answer 21

Luxor, Egypt
1,473-1,458 BCE
Built by Senmut
Sandstone, rock clif, red granite

Question 22

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters IDs

Answer 22

Amarna, Egypt
1,353-1,335 BCE
Limestone

Question 23

Tutankhamen’s tomb IDs

Answer 23

18th dynasty Egypt
1,323 BCE
Gold with enamel and semiprecious

Question 24

Last judgement of Hunefer IDs

Answer 24

New Kingom, Egypt, 19th dynasty
1,275 BCE
Painted papyrus scroll

Question 25

Egyptian Art

Answer 25

Embodies a sense of permanence
Preserves the cycle of rebirth
Focuses on decorations for tombs (ka statues and honor pieces)
Defines humans separate than pharoah (iconography)
Clerestory