oral pathology Flashcards
what are the caries processes
for caries to develop, the following factors must be present all at the same time:
- susceptible tooth
- diet rich in ferementable carbohydrates
- bacteria; mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli
what are the stages of caries
1st stage: incipient caries
- demineralization of the enamel
2nd stage: overt lesions or cavitation
- the development of a cavity or lesion
what are the methods of caries intervention
remove plaque
dental sealants
fluoride
anti-bacterial rinses
decrease in fermentable carbs
increased salivary flow
what are the methods of caries detection
dental explorer will stick
radiographs
visual appearance
indicator dyes
caries detection devices
what are the processes of demineralization and remineralization
remineralization - occurs when calcium and phosphate are redeposited on demineralized teeth
demineralization - occurs when calcium and phosphate dissolve from enamel of tooth by mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
what is fluorosis; causes and signs
fluoriosis is the chronic overexposure o fluoride during mineralization
- the teeth will appear white/milky spots
what are disorders of the tongue; causes, signs and symptoms
black hairy tongue
- there is an imbalance of the oral flora due to administration of antibiotics
- the filliform papillae are elongated, and these are then stained by food or tobacco
geographic tongue
- tongue exhibits areas of filliform papillae loss and irregular shaped areas
- smooth areas will resemble a map and seems to migrate
fissured tongue
- tongue will appear to have deep fissures that become irritated if food and debris collect
hair leukoplakia
- white plaque found on lateral sides of tongue
- usually do to patients beings positive for HIV
what is a disorder of the salivary gland
xerostomia
- destruction of the salivary glands due to radiation and medication that causes dry mouth
what is erosion; causes, signs and symptoms
erosion is the wearing away of the tooth structure by physical or chemical action
- usually caused by food bingeing followed by self-induced vomitting
- bulimmia will cause patterns of erosion on the lingual side of the teeth
what is abrasion; causes, signs, symptoms
abnormal wearing away of tooth structure, caused by a repetitive habit
- brushing aggresively, clenching, grinding of teeth
- incisal or occlusal surfaces will wear down and show dentin, or loss of enamel on buccal surfaces
what is attrition; causes, signs, symptoms
the normal wearing away of teeth due to chewing
- occurs on incisal, occlusal and proximal surfaces
- fibrous food will causes greater rate of attrition
what are components of the saliva; the importance of saliva
saliva is composed of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride
- saliva remineralizes the teeth, neutralizes organic acids, discourages growth of bacteria, and helps in chewing and swallowing
what is immunity
resistance to infection
what is virulence
the strength of an organism
- how strong a virus is
what is bells palsy
damage of the facial nerve
