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midterm > midterm review - additional FOCUS > Flashcards

midterm review - additional FOCUS Flashcards

1
Q

what is a foramen magnum

A

the largest opening/foramen where the spinal cord goes through

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2
Q

what do the external and internal pterygoid muscles do

A

external - depresses mandible to open jaw
internal - closes the jaw

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3
Q

what do sinuses do and their names

A

sinuses provide mucus, makes bones lighter and provides resonence

maxillary sinus - largest
frontal sinuses
ethmoid sinus
sphenoid sinus

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4
Q

what are the ducts in the mouth

A

whartons duct - under tongue
stensons duct - side of cheek

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of tonsils

A

nasopharyngeal - found in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils - in between anterior and posterior pillars of fauces
lingual tonsils - in back of tongue

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6
Q

what do the palatine tonsils do

A

closes off the nasal pharynx to ensure food doesnt go into the nose

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7
Q

what is the vestibule

A

space between the teeth and inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks

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8
Q

what is the oral cavity proper

A

area inside of the dental arches

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9
Q

what are the different types of bone

A

periosteum - dense membrane made of white connective tissue

compact bone - hard, dense outer layer of bone

cancellous bone - made of spongy, bony spicules

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10
Q

what is the anatomic crown

A

portion of the tooth covered in enamel (whole tooth including the roots)

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11
Q

what is the clinical crown

A

portion of the tooth visible in the mouth

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12
Q

what are the odontoblasts and cementoblasts

A

cementoblasts - cells that form cementum
odontoblasts - cells that form dentin

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13
Q

what are parts of the pulp

A
  • pulp horns
  • coronal pulp
  • accessory canal
  • radicular canal
  • apical foramen
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14
Q

what is the nerve in the incisive papilla

A

nasopalatine nerve

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15
Q

why is the gingival sulcus iportant

A

determines overall health of gingiva, detects periodontal disease

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16
Q

difference between line angle and point angle

A

line angle - where two tooth surfaces meet
point angle - where three or more surfaces meet to a point

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17
Q

where are the cusps or carabelli

A

max first molars

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18
Q

what is the difference between eruption and exfoliation

A

eruption - when teeth come out and sho through the gingiva

exfoliation - when the teeth fall out

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19
Q

what are the diastema and primate spaces

A

diastema is the space between two teeth
primate spaces are spaces between every primary teeth

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20
Q

what are the classes of occlusion

A

class I - overcrowding or spacing
class II - div 1, overbite and anteriors protrude facially, div 2, overbite and laterals overlap centrals
class III - underbite

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21
Q

what is immunity

A

resistance to infection

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22
Q

what is osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumour that involves the bone

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23
Q

what is Bell palsy

A

paralysis of facial nerve

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24
Q

what is the difference between bruxism and abrasion

A

bruxism - involuntary griding or clenching of teeth
abrasion - abnormal wearing away of tooth structure

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25
Q

what are tori

A

bony overgrowth of the palate or the mandible

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26
Q

what is anodontia

A

condenitally missing teeth
- usually the third molars or laterals
- premolars

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27
Q

what is candidiasis

A

yeast infection in the mouth

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28
Q

what is glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

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29
Q

what is the difference of sterilizationl and disinfection

A

sterilization - process that kills all microorganisms
disinfection - kills all disease-causing microorganisms but not all microbial life

30
Q

difference between indicators and integrators

A

indicators - placed outside of instrument packages before sterilization

integrators - placed inside instruments packages

31
Q

what type of water goes into autoclaves

A

distilled water

32
Q

what is another name for bleach

A

sodium hypochlorite

33
Q

what are the different types of sterilizers

A

flash sterilization - without bag
steam autoclave - hot steam
unsaturated chemical vapour - chemicals and water vapour
dry heat - heats up air
ethylene oxide - gas
liquid chemical sterilants

34
Q

types of occupational exposure

A
  • needle stick injury
  • cuts
  • blood contact with mucous membrane
35
Q

what are MSDS sheets

A

contains health and safety information about all chemicals in the office

36
Q

whats on a chemical label

A
  • pictograms
  • signal word
  • hazard statement
  • precautionary statement
  • product identifier
  • supplier
37
Q

what are the different sizes of film

A

0 - children under 3
1 - anterior teeth for adults
2 - posterior teeth
3 - bitewings
4 - max and mand arches

38
Q

difference between radiolucent and radiopaque

A

radiolucent - body structures that radiation that can easily pass through

radiopaque - body structures that radiation does not easily pass through

39
Q

difference between bitewings and periapicals

A

bitewings - shows the crown of teeth, height of alveolar crest, interproximal spaces

periapicals - shows the crowns of the teeth and the apex of the root

40
Q

what are ethics

A

moral standards of conduct; rules or principles

autonomy - self governance
nonmaleficence - do no harm
beneficence - do good
justice - fairness
veracity - truthfulness

41
Q

what is dental juris prudence

A

law of dentistry

42
Q

what is malpractice

A

profesisonal negligence

43
Q

difference between acts of omission and comission

A

omission - you said you were going to do something
commission - you did something

44
Q

what is the purpose of licensure

A

keeps incompetent people out of the professions

45
Q

what is galvanic action

A

shock that occurs when two metals that are unalike touch each other

46
Q

what is microleakage

A

a restoration that has shrunk or breaks away from tooth causing saliva and bacteria to leak into restoration

47
Q

what is provisional

A

a temporary restoration

48
Q

what is the smear layer

A

debris that occurs when teeth that are shaved down and covers the dentinal tubules

49
Q

desiccate

A

over drying of the tooth

50
Q

difference in macro, micro and hybrid composites

A

macro - has larger particles and is used for restorations that absorb higher stress

micro - appears nicer and particles are smaller usually used for anteriors

hybrid - mix of larger sized particles and smaller

51
Q

what is micromechanical retention

A

glues one material to another
- like composite

52
Q

what are the different types of curing

A

light curing
auto curing
self curing

53
Q

why do people faint in dental office

A

fainting dur to anxiety

54
Q

what is normal heart rate

A

60-100

55
Q

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

A

systolic - first sound heard when listening to heart beat , usually from the ventricles

diastolic - second sound heard when listening to heart, relaxation and dialation of heart chambers

56
Q

common causes of xerostomia

A

medication and radiation

57
Q

what does AED stand for

A

automated external defibrillators

58
Q

what makes a document legal

A

date and signature

59
Q

when do medical alerts need to be palced

A

allergy and medications

60
Q

when is clinical examination form completed

A

after the first initial appointment

61
Q

informed consent

A

consent given for a larger procedure

62
Q

what handpiece needs to be attached to a motor

A

lowspeed

63
Q

what is the order to produce xrays

A

plug machine in
turn on the switch
adjust kvp and ma
press exposure button
electrical current goes from extension arm to xray tubehead
anoide side produces protons and shoots it to cathode side and hits tungsten target
leaves lead collimator
into pid

64
Q

what are dosimeter badges

A

determines the amount of radiation you have been exposed to

65
Q

what is the range of milliampere

A

7-15 mA

66
Q

what is the range of kvp

A

85-100 kvp

67
Q

how much radiation hits the tungsten target and produces heat to radiation

A

99% heat
1% radiation

68
Q

what is phlangyoma

A

a finger in an xray due to someone holding film in mouth with finger

69
Q

what is the cbct`

A

a three dimensional form of xray that rotates around the patient

cone beam computed tomography

70
Q

what is the ccd

A

charge-coupled device
- a solid state image sensor

71
Q

why is digital better than analogue

A

less exposure of radiation

midterm (11 decks)

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