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SOCSCI 1RM3 > Ch13 field research > Flashcards

Ch13 field research Flashcards

1
Q

subjects of field research

A

study people in location or setting - also study entire communities

start with a small group who interact with each other on a rgular basis in a fixed setting

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2
Q

people studied in field research called

A

members

insiders or natives belong

outsider is the research

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3
Q

ethnography

A

an approach to field research that emphasized providing a very detailed description of a different culture from the viewpoint of an insider in that culture to permit a greater understanding of it - narrative point of view

considered a methodology

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4
Q

methodology

A
  • collection of methods that are tied together by an underlying theoretical orientation
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5
Q

ethnography assumes people make

A

inferences - go beyond what is explicitly seen or said to what is meant or implied

meaning is inferred from behaviour - move from observation to meaning is center of ethnogrpahy

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6
Q

explicit knowledge

A

what we know and talk about

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7
Q

tacit knowledge

A

what we rarely acknoqwledge

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8
Q

field reacher based on naturalism

A

naturalism is the principle that researchers should examine events as they occur in natural, everyday, ongoing social settings

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9
Q

field researchers goal

A

examine social meanings and grasp multiple perspectives in natural social settings

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10
Q

field research conducted by

A

usually single individual although small teams have been effective

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11
Q

field researcher steps

A

less structure than quantitative - steps not predetermined

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12
Q

genral field research steps

A

1 - prepare read defocus
2 - select and gain access to field site
3 - enter the field, establish social relations
4 - adopt new social role
5- watch listen collect
6 - analyze data and generate working hypotheses
7 - focus on specific aspects of the setting, theoretical sampling
8 - conduct field interview
9 - disengage and physically leave
10 - analysis report

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13
Q

complete observer

A

researcher who only observes the study group without participating in their activities

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14
Q

complete participant

A

researcher who fully participates in all aspects of the study groups activities as through a member of the group

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15
Q

semi-participant

A

researcher who participates to some degree in group activities but not as much as a full member

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16
Q

gatekeeper

A

someone with formal or informal authority to control access to a site

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17
Q

covert observer

A

secretly studying the group

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18
Q

overt observer

A

study group with their full knowledge

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19
Q

adopting a social role and learning the ropes

A

presentation of self

researcher as instrument for measuing data - be alert and sensitive to what happens in the field and disciplined, + personal consequences

attitude of strangeness
- hard to recognize what we are very close to
- question and notice ordinary details

build rapport - charm trust understanding

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20
Q

2 benefits of culture shock

A

easier to see cultural elements

facilitates self-discovery

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21
Q

attitude of strangeness

A

researchers study a field site by mentally adjusting to see it for the first time or as an outsider

22
Q

Limits on roles chosen

A

affected by ascriptive factors and physical appearance

23
Q

normalize social research

A

make the people being studied feel more comfortable with the research process and help them accept the researcher’s presence

24
Q

Key informant

A

a member of a group who has first-hand info about a community and can reliably report on their activities

25
Q

ideal informant has 4 characteristics:

A
  1. familiar with the culture and is in a position to witness significant events - live and breathe the culture
  2. individual is currently involved in the culture the researcher is trying to understand
  3. the person can spend time with the researcher - interviewing may take hours and some members just not available for extensive interviewing
  4. non analytical individuals make better informants - familiar with and uses native folk theory or pragmatic common sense
26
Q

exchange relationships

A

relationships that develop in the field, in which small tokens or favours including deference and respect are exchanged

27
Q

appearance of interest

A

researchers maintain relations in a field site by pretending to be interested and excited by the activities of those studied even though they are actually uninterested or bored

28
Q

what does field researcher observe

A

physical surroundings, actions, physical characteristics,

29
Q

jotted notes

A

what a field research inconspicously writes while in the field site on whatever is convienient to jog the memory later

30
Q

direct observation notes

A

notes taken in field research that attempt to include all details and specifics of what the researcher heard or saw in a field site - permits multiple interpretations later

31
Q

research inference notes 3 steps

A
  1. listens without applying analytical categories,
  2. compare what is heard to what was heard at other times and to what others say
  3. apply own interpretation to infer or figure out what it means
32
Q

analytical memos

A

the written notes a qualitative researcher takes during data collection and afterward to develop concepts, themes or preliminary generalizations

33
Q

alternative criteria to the quantitative reliability, validity, objectivity and generalizability for qual

A

credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability

34
Q

credibility

A

one aspect of trustworthiness, relating to how much truth value the results of a qualitative study have

35
Q

Participatory action research

A

removes the researcher from the center of power and involves community members and research participants in the design, implementation, and interpretation of the research process.

36
Q

member checking - credibility

A

way of establishing the trustworthiness criterion of credibility, whereby members of the study group are consulted about whether they agree with the researcher’s conclusions and interpretations

37
Q

prolonged engagement - credibility

A

a researcher remaining in the field long enough to make informed conclusions about what they are studying

also used so that the researcher can be exposed to a variety of different settings and develop a rapport with members of the study group

38
Q

negative case analysis - credibility

A

a way of establishing the trustworthiness criterion of credibility whereby the researcher closely examines cases that deviate from the dominant pattern

39
Q

transferability

A

the component of establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research that is concerned with how generalizable the findings are

40
Q

thick description

A

used to establish the transferability of a qualitative study through the detailed notes of a researcher

41
Q

dependability

A

most closely associated with reliability
how consistent results would be if study was repeated in similar conditions

42
Q

dependability - external audit

A

technique for establishing dependability and confirmability in qualitative research wherein researchers outside of the study examine qualitative data to see if they would have come to the same results as the original researcher

43
Q

trustworthiness

A

alternative set of criteria by which to assess the validity and reliability of qualitative research

44
Q

confirmability

A

a component of establishing trustworthiness that relates to the extent to which the findings of a qualitative study are value free

45
Q

audit trail

A

technique for establishing the trustworthiness criterion of confirmability by collecting detailed and transparent qualitative data

transparent record keeping

46
Q

reflexivity

A

technique for establishing confirmability in qualitative research whereby the researcher is self-aware of their influence and potential bias

47
Q

Deception in field research

A

false role, name, identity

48
Q

confidentiality

A

researcher learns intimate knowledge that is given in confidence - moral obligation to uphold confidentiality

49
Q

Involvement with deviants - illegal behavior

A

guilty knowledge - researcher in field researcher’s learning of illegal, unethical, immoral actions - usually researcher makes an explicit arrangement with deviant members

50
Q

publishing field research

A

researcher does not publicize member secrets, violate privacy, or harm reputation

SOCSCI 1RM3 (12 decks)

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