Urbanisation and Mumbai Flashcards
What is urbanisation
The proportion of people living in urban areas
What is urbanisation caused by
Rural-urban migration and natural increase
Examples of push factors out of rural areas
Natural disasters
Mechanised agricultural equipment
Examples of pull factors to urban areas
More jobs
Better education
Better healthcare
Better QoL
What are megacities
Urban areas with more than 10 million residents
How many megacities were there in 2020
34
What is natural increase
Where birth rate > death rate
Where is Mumbai
The western coast of the Maharashtra state in India
What is the regional importance of Mumbai
People commute to work
Contributes 40% of the income for the state
Software development
What is the national importance of Mumbai
India’s commercial and financial capital
25% of India’s industrial output
What is the international importance of Mumbai
Large numbers of international companies have their HQs there - such as Disney and Volkswagen
Tourism is also becoming increasingly popular
Why is Mumbai growing
Natural increase - has a fertility rate of 2 children per woman
Migration - work, better education, fleeing
How has urban growth in Mumbai caused social opportunity
Healthcare - The Sion hospital admits more than 60000 patients each year
Better education - 89.7% literacy rate
Water - The Mumbai Slum Sanitation project aims to improve sanitation facilities for up to a million dwellers across the city. Over 300 community toilet blocks have been built, housing more than 5100 individual toilets, with separate facilities for men and women.
Pros and cons of urban growth in Mumbai
Increased the opportunity for employment - 6% of India’s GDP
Move into more tertiary sectors as more skilled individuals are moving there whereas before it was highly industrial
Bollywood film industry
What challenges have arised due to urban growth in Mumbai
Squatter settlements - Dharavi slum houses 1.2 million people
Providing clean water and energy - Only 60% of houses are connected to the sewage system
Pollution of the Mithi river - 800 million litres of sewage a day
Providing access to services
Reducing unemployment and crime - poverty has meant that some have to resort to crime. 23% of the population have been exposed to bribery
Pollution - 4000 cases of typhoid a day
3500 people die on railways each year
Only 30% of 9400 metric tonnes of waste produced by Mumbai each day gets treated
