W7 Anxiety and Stress-related problems (2)

Question 1

Heritable influence GAD

Answer 1

: Runs in families but heritability is low. Suggests that there is a genetic or biological element

Question 2

GAD DSM 5

Answer 2

Disproportionate fear or anxiety relating to different aspects of your life.
The anxiety should be relating to at least two areas of activity.
Feeling anxiety will be accompanied by symptoms of restlessness, agitation, muscle tension.
Feelings of anxiety and worry will be associated with behaviours such as avoidance, seeking reassurance, excessive preparing ect.
Symptoms cannot be explained by other mental health. (not related to fear of panic, intrusive thoughts)

Question 3

GAD Biological theories

Answer 3

have found that GAD sufferers show hyper-responsivity in the amygdala and bigger amygdala, more specifically In female GAD sufferers.

Question 4

Environemtal factors GAD

Answer 4

Negative life events (childhood trauma) risk factor to GAD, Attachment style (anxious attachment style): adolescents and adults with GAD they felt reject or overcontrolling or emotionally cold from their parents, feeling unsafe.

Question 5

Modeling

Answer 5

if children see their parents reacting anxiously, they might then perceive things as a threat

Question 6

Cognitive biases GAD

Answer 6

information: maintain anxiety, perceive miss information, don’t give enough attention to positive information they focus on negative information which reinforces their anxiety

Question 7

Pharmaceutical intervention GAD

Answer 7

When waiting for therapy to tackle the deeper aspects of GAD because they can relieve physical symptoms.

Question 8

Benzodizepines

Answer 8

anxiety relieving properties, acts on GABA (main receptor). Similar alcohol with GABA. Addictive, really bad side effects.
B-Blockers: blocking effects of adrenaline. Help with some relief, reduce heart rate, blood pressure, help with physiological symptoms

Question 9

Stimulus control therapy GAD

Answer 9

They have dedicated time to worry, so they don’t have to worry all day. It’s to gain control over worry.
Needs persistence, not that easy to do

Question 10

Self monitoring (therapy) GAD

Answer 10

List of everything that might trigger their worry, to reflect on their day to day. Monitor their day-to-day activity to find their triggers.

Question 11

Relaxatino training GAD

Answer 11

to deal with chronic stress, breathing exercises, reduce physiological symptoms.

Question 12

Visual therapy gad

Answer 12

creative work, art therapy, way to channel that anxiety and worry.

Question 13

Cognitive restructuring GAD

Answer 13

challenges bias and creates thoughts more accurate. Channels their own thoughts, and how realistic they are.

Question 14

Behavioural rehearsal GAD

Answer 14

how would they cope if something bad happened, therapist will work to develop good positive coping strategies.

Question 15

Panic disorder

Answer 15

Characterized by repeated panic attacks. They are different to having panic attack on it’s own. Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder where you regularly have sudden attacks of panic or fear. Usually unexpected, with no specific trigger.

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Panic disorders

Answer 16

nausea, chills or hot flashes, sweating, trembling or shaking, heart palpitations, hyperventilation, dizziness, numbness and tingling.

Question 17

Panic Disorder DSM5

Answer 17

Panic attacks are spontaneous/unpredictable.
Panic attacks should recurrent.
Worry about future panic attacks.
Modify behaviours to avoid future attacks.
Rules out other diagnoses.

Question 18

Biological factors Panic disorder

Answer 18

Theory that they fail to regulate their flight-fight response, they sympathetic division might be over acting. They feel like something is really wrong with their ( “I have a heart disease” ect..)

Question 19

Hyperventilation

Answer 19

= oxygen is less delivered so the heart is working harder, so it feels like you are having a panic attack and that will make the symptoms worse and then they might think they are having a heart attack. The only way to stop the cycle is by making them breath normally

Question 20

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 20

often includes panic attacks but differs from panic disorder in that it is specifically social situations that trigger the anxiety. Extreme of anxiety in social events but might be fine with friends and family they are comfortable.

Question 21

Social anxiety disorders

Answer 21

Distinct fear of social interactions.
Social interactions are avoided or experienced with intense fear or anxiety.
Avoidance, fear/anxiety lasting more than 6 months and causes significant distress and difficulty in performing social or occupational activities.
Other disorders are ruled out.

Question 22

Biological factors (genetic) social anxiety

Answer 22

Genetic factors: some genetic influence. It is difficult to say what that is. More likely to have social anxiety disorder if one of your parents has it. You might just inherit the vulnerability. Children have a personality type that has a tendency towards stress and nervousness towards new environment they might be more likely to anxiety disorder.

Question 23

Cognitive model of social anxiety disorder

Answer 23

Before Social interaction, during social interaction adn after social interaction

Question 24

Before a social interaction (cognitive theory) Social anxeity

Answer 24

detail thinking of possible outcomes of situations. Or negative belief about themselves, past failures in similar social situations. Could lead avoidance. It also triggers their physiological symptoms.D

Question 25

During social interaction (cognitive theory) social anciety

Answer 25

mental blanks, under pressure, people are looking at them in a certain way, they will then start scrutiny themselves, they will ruminate.

Question 26

After a social interaction (coginitive theory) social anxiety

Answer 26

They think about what they had done, what if, they analyse the event in a lot of details, this reinforce their negative bias, thoughts and they store about that, and the cycle starts again.

Question 27

Cognitive bias: social anxiety

Answer 27

They tend focus on all the negative aspects of the social situation and struggle to process and accept anything positive. This is likely to maintain the individual’s dysfunctional beliefs about the social situation and about themselves

Question 28

Anxiety and comorbidity

Answer 28

Many of the symptoms of anxiety are common to a number of different anxiety disorders, and therefore, it is common for an individual to suffer from more than one anxiety disorder.

Question 29

Self focused attention

Answer 29

a theory of social anxiety disorder arguing that suffers show a strong tendency to shift their attention inwards onto themselves and their own anxiety responses during social performance, especially when they fear they will be negatively evaluated.

Question 30

Agoraphobia

Answer 30

a fear or anxiety of any place where the sufferer does not feel safe or feels trapped and it’s accompanied by a strong urge to escape to a safe place.

Question 31

Biologicla challenge tests

Answer 31

Research in which panic attacks are induced by administering carbon dioxide, enriched air or by encouraging hyperventilation.

Question 32

Suffocation alarm theories

Answer 32

models of panic disorder in which a combination of increased CO2 intake may activate an oversensitive suffocation alarm system and give rise to the intense terror and anxiety experienced during a panic attack.