Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BOTANY > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Sum of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism.

A

METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is a type of nucleic acid packed with 3 phosphates. Energy currency in the body.

A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is a membrane bound organelle that can be found in protists, fungi, animal, and plants.

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sunlight maintains and increases the orderliness of life by two methods;

A

DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is in the process of photosynthesis which produces complex organic compounds.

A

DIRECTLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is in the respiration of those organic compounds, either by the organism itself or by other organism that eats it.

A

INDIRECTLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is the process by which the plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is also known as cellular respiration, it is used to obtain energy from organic compounds or food.

A

CELL METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two types of metabolic reactions.

A

ANABOLIC AND CATABOLIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Also called endergonic reactions, absorbs energy and build molecules from bigger ones to smaller ones (micro to macro)

A

ANABOLIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Break down larger molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins from ingested food into their constituent smaller parts (macro to micro)

A

CATABOLIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is a biochemical process wherein there is the movement of air in and out of the lungs, it is common in all living organism.

A

RESPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two types of respiration

A

AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is a type of respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen.

A

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It is a type of respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen.

A

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stages of Aerobic Respiration

A
  1. GLYCOLYSIS
  2. KREBS CYCLE
  3. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ATP Production without oxygen. It occurs by direct phosphate transfer from phosphorylated intermediates.

A

ANAEROBIC PATHWAYS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Two main types of anaerobic respiration.

A

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is a process of cell metabolism wherein glucose is converted into pyruvate. It yields 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

A

GLYCOLYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is also known as citric acid cycle, it is considered anaerobic wherein 2 Acetyl CoA enters and releases carbon dioxide. It yields 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

A

KREBS CYCLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It is an aerobic process which happens in the mitochondrial membrane. In this process, electron is transferred from NADH and FADH2 to protein complexes and electron carriers.

A

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN OR CHEMIOSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the goal of cellular respiration?

A

TO MAKE ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It is made of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. It is the plant part that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.

A

ROOT SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The growth of the roots towards the direction of the gravity.

A

GRAVITROPISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It consist of stems, leaves, and the reproductive parts of the plants and it generally grows above the ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

A

SHOOT SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tip of each shoot where new plant growth and elongation occurs (height)

A

APICAL BUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

It is also called the lateral bud; it acts as source of new growth if the primary bud is damaged.

A

AXILLARY BUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Help transport water, sugar, and nutrients to the leaves and canopy.

A

BRANCH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where plants meristematic tissue is located; responsible for growth of new cells, leaves, branches, and roots.

A

NODE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It is the region between two nodes; it helps in the elongation of the stem, increasing the height of the plant.

A

INTERNODE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Carries water and nutrients to the plant and holds the plant up to the stand.

A

STEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Provide mechanical support to self-hold and adjust leaf position towards the sun, improving light harvesting ability.

A

PETIOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Helps the plant make its own fuel using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

A

LEAVES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Helps the reproduction of the plant in which reproduction us the process of making new offspring in plants.

A

FLOWERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The length of time from the beginning of the development to the death of a plant.

A

PLANT LIFE CYCLE

36
Q

It is the sequence of stages a plant goes through from seed germination to seed production of the mature plants.

A

PLANT LIFE SPAN

37
Q

Continuing or perpetual; continue to grow without being replanted

A

PERENNIALS

38
Q

yearly; must be replanted every year

A

ANNUAL

39
Q

have a life cycle of two growing seasons

A

BIENNIALS

40
Q

Two growing seasons of biennials

A

VEGETATIVE PHASE AND REPRODUCTIVE PHASE

41
Q

Growth between germination and flowering, busy carrying out photosynthesis and accumulating resources.

A

VEGETATIVE PHASE

42
Q

Branches starts to bear flowers

A

REPRODUCTIVE PHASE

43
Q

Are plants with flexible, green stems with few to no woody parts.

A

HERBACEOUS PLANTS (NON-WOODY)

44
Q

Are perennials that create stiff structures above ground that they use throughout their lives.

A

WOODY PLANTS

45
Q

Plants that flower once and then die. They reproduce only once in their lives.

A

MONOCARPIC

46
Q

Plants that reproduce more than once before dying. They develop fruits and flowers several and are perennials.

A

POLYCARPIC

47
Q

The components of the part to be shed are recycled by the plant for use in other processes, such as development of seed and storage.

A

NUTRIENT CYCLING

48
Q

3 Main steps of Nutrient Cycling

A

ABSORB NUTRIENTS
LITTERING INTO SOILS
DECOMPOSITION

49
Q

Plants grow weak and become exhausted, the aging of plant with all the associated processes such as decay, mortality, or decreased fertility with age.

A

SENESCENCE

50
Q

These are undifferentiated cells, which means they continue to divide and contribute to the growth of the plant.

A

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

51
Q

They are on the outside of the plant and they provide protection for the plant cells they surround.

A

DERMAL TISSUE

52
Q

It is the main cell type in dermal tissues

A

EPIDERMIS

53
Q

It is a waxy polymer that secretes a water-resistant substance.

A

CUTIN

54
Q

They are flat-like or puzzle pieces and they have the pavement cells.

A

EPIDEMIS

55
Q

It is the outermost layer of the cells in the plant

A

PAVEMENT CELLS

56
Q

It is an opening in the leaf surface through which gases can move into and out of the deeper cell layer.

A

STOMATA

57
Q

It is sometimes called “ground meristem tissue” and is found inside the epidermis and extends towards the interior of the stem and root.

A

CORTEX

58
Q

It is the site of most photosynthesis reactions in the leaf.

A

MESOPHYLL

59
Q

Three types of cells that make up the cortex

A

PARENCHYMA
COLLENCHYMA
SCLERENCHYMA

60
Q

It is the most common type of cortex cell

A

PARENCHYMA

61
Q

It has the ability to begin dividing to help heal wounds by covering the wound with plant cell tissue called callus

A

PARENCHYMA

62
Q

It is the site of many functions such as photosynthesis and storage of starch and other chemical compounds.

A

PARENCHYMA

63
Q

It is a type of parenchyma that is packed with chloroplasts.

A

LEAF MESOPHYLL TISSUE

64
Q

Its cell walls are thicker than the thin parenchyma cells, the cells can connect together to form resilient strands

A

COLLENCHYMA

65
Q

This type of cell has a primary and secondary cell wall

A

SCLERENCHYMA

66
Q

Sclerenchyma comes in 2 types, these are the;

A

FIBER AND SCLERIDS

67
Q

They do not thicken in response to a stimuli because they are dead at maturity

A

SCLERENCHYMA

68
Q

It forms the plumbing system of the plant through which water, nutrients, sugars, and other compounds flow.

A

VASCULAR TISSUE

69
Q

It is known as conducting vessel of a plant and it consists of xylem and phloem.

A

VASCULAR BUNDLE

70
Q

It moves water in the plant and the water flow is unidirectional.

A

XYLEM

71
Q

Four different types of cells that xylem tissues are composed of;

A

VESSELS
TRACHEIDS
XYLEM FIBERS
XYLEM PARENCHYMA

72
Q

Elongated cells that connect end to end to form tubes.

A

VESSELS

73
Q

These cells are elongated and narrower than vessels, and connect by overlapping at their ends.

A

TRACHEIDS

74
Q

They are strung together end to end like the vessels and tracheid and they provide flexible support for the plant from within the vascular bundles.

A

XYLEM FIBERS

75
Q

They can store water, which is essential for the proper functioning of the plant.

A

XYLEM PARENCHYMA

76
Q

Four types of cells in phloem tissue

A

SIEVE TUBE MEMBERS
COMPANION CELLS
PHLOEM FIBERS
PHLOEM PARENCHYMA CELLS

77
Q

Elongated cells that join end to end to form tubes for passage of liquids.

A

SIEVE TUBE MEMBERS

78
Q

Found along with sieve tube elements in the phloem. Its main function is to maintain pressure gradient in sieve tube members

A

COMPANION CELLS

79
Q

It provides support and these are much elongated, unbranched, and have pointed needle-like apices.

A

PHLOEM FIBERS

80
Q

They are called transfer cells and they also function as transport of food.

A

PHLOEM PARENCHYMA CELLS

81
Q

Roots that emerge above the ground from the shoot

A

AERIAL ROOTS (ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS)

82
Q

Thin branched root that arise from the base of the stem.

A

FIBROUS ROOTS

83
Q

Is single-layered, thin-walled, colorless, polygonal without intercellular spaces, with the presence of unicellular root hairs.

A

EPIBLEMA

84
Q

Absorbs nutrients inward; from root epidermis into vasculature and stores substances such as starch, resins, and essential oils.

A

CORTEX

85
Q

Has barrel-shaped parenchyma without intercellular spaces.

A

ENDODERMIS

86
Q

Regulates new root growth and can form new lateral roots.

A

PERICYCLE

BOTANY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions