Environmental Exercise Physiology

Question 1

• Thermoregulation
  – Body’s ability to constantly balance heat __________ & heat ___________

Answer 1

Production, Loss

Question 2

Sweating and Evaporation __________ interchangeable terms

Answer 2

are not

Question 3

Greatest source of heat loss is when ____________

Answer 3

active

Question 4

Cooling by evaporation only works if the athlete is _____________

Answer 4

Hydrated

Question 5

_________ Sweat glands
– Sweat for evaporation – Innervated by nerves

Answer 5

Eccrine

Question 6

We just learned that the CV system is stressed
– Effect on O2 availability in the working muscles?
Therefore, demand for glycogen ____________ (when it should not normally be needed)
– Should be using O2

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

– Less blood volume (mostly though lost plasma) means Higher__________ concentrations

Answer 7

byproduct

Question 8

___________ has less electrolyte lost in it as Na/K is reabsorbed when passing through duct slowly

Answer 8

‘Light sweating’

Question 9

Briefly explain why core temperature increases faster when humidity is high compared to low? (be sure to define humidity)

Answer 9

Humidity can be defined as the moisture content in the air. Core temperature will increases in more humid environments because in a humid atmosphere water cant be accepted meaning that sweat does not evaporate. Keeping ones core temperature high because sweating is one of the bodies mechanisms for regulating temperature(evaporation is needed for this process).

Question 10

Briefly explain one reason why excessive sweating often causes muscles to cramp?

Answer 10

A reason: excessive sweat = severe dehydration if not matching sweat lost with fluids which quickly leads to heat cramps.

Question 11

How can improper technique (use an example) negatively affect endurance performance? (link to thermoregulation)

Answer 11

Ex. runner who is stiff vs runner who uses propper form

• reduced effiency –> more energy required –> fatigue, dehydrate quicker.
• risk overheating is greater in improper technique

Question 12

Identify a sport and explain how/why required protective equipment may increase the likelihood of heat related illness?

Answer 12

Ex. football(helmet, heavy pads)

With extensive exposure to the sun athlete is more at risk or heat camps or more seriously heat stroke.
One of the big reasons is because wearing the equipment raises core temp. This is b/c there is no room for the body to evaporate sweat. The body uses sweating as a cooling mechanism to regulate temp(thermoregulation).

*protective gear prevents heat loss

Question 13

Briefly explain why a higher core temperature results in increased lactic acid production during endurance exercise?

Answer 13

Due to losing more O2 in heat b/c of
- Blood away from muscle tissue(vasodilation near skin)

Less O2 to use for energy storage phase

Using glycogen sooner, glycolysis, lattice acid sooner so fatigue hits quicker

So because of the increase in lactic acid because of exercise fatiguing athlete much sooner, with combo of lack of O2 core temp increases

Question 14

Briefly explain why a “dry-fit” t-shirt is better at keeping you cool opposed to a cotton t-shirt.

Answer 14

Sweat soaked clothes inhibits evaporation so dry fit will help make sure shirt does not stay soaked where as cotton material the shirt will stay soaked with sweat so no evaporation can happen keeping them warmer.

Question 15

Briefly explain why (including 3 physiologic adaptations) Canada’s men’s 2022 World Cup soccer team trained in Bahrain for a number of weeks before the 2022 World Cup in Qatar?

Answer 15

The national soccer team trained in Bahrain fr a few weeks before the World Cup b/c it is very close to Qatar so temperature and humidity is super similar. this training will help acclimatize to the conditions. Some adaptations that occur while training in Bahrain would be:

• Temperature accommodation
• Brain ignores inhibitory sensory feedback

– Increased sweat production * Increased blood plasma

– Less electrolyte loss

– Increased Glycogen storage
* Are you fatigued in the heat??

Question 16

Long Answers
1. With reference to conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation, explain how you can use all these principles to prevent ‘hyperthermia’ of an athlete training during the summer. Use a sport example.

Answer 16

Conduction: Heat transfer through physical contact
ex. wet towel

Convection: cooling via air flow
ex. fan, wind chill

Radiation: heat
ex. avoid/regulate radiation by removing gear or training in the shade

Evaporation: from sweat glands

These can all be used to prevent hyperthermia b/c…
All can be tools to use in game and training to regulate heat and prevent hyperthermia. For example convection and conduction ca be done together as a tool with a cool wind as well as cold towel directly applied to athlete to help cool them, evaporation is a constant mechanism used through the sweat glands to regulate temp, and finally mindfulness f radiation exposure will help limit overheating by being proactive and training in the shade or removing gear when possible.

Exercise Recommendations to Prevent Hyperthermia
1. Be Aware of Humidity
- high humidity is bad
- Location that has airflow (ie. beach)
2. Be Aware of Temperature (Air & Radiant) - Time of day
- Forrest(shade)
3. Ensure Hydration
- ensure sweat response (best water temperature?)
4. Wear proper Clothing
– Sweat soaked clothes inhibits evaporation (humidity high underneath)
– Protective gear prevents heat loss