Chapter 11 Flashcards
Is defined as a category based on biological differences in anatomy, hormones, and genetic composition.
Sex
Refers to biological features that are used to classify a person as male or female, including internal sex organs, external genitalia, chromosomal makeup, hormones, and secondary sex characteristics.
Sex
Refers to social and cultural beliefs and expectations about what it means to be a boy/man or girl/woman and what kinds of behaviors and roles indicate masculinity and femininity.
Gender
Is a person’s deeply held personal sense of being a boy/man, girl/woman, both, neither, or fluid (meaning the person experiences gender as changing).
Gender Identity
The 23rd pair of chromosomes consisting of the XX or XY.
Sex Chromosomes
The ____ pair will make up with an __ match or an __ match.
23rd
XX
XY
An XX will match with a _______
Female
An XY will match with a ____
Male
Used to determine sex, are the glands that produce sex hormones and generate an ova (eggs)in females and sperm in males.
Gonads
Introduced social role theory to describe how institutional factors maintain gender roles and contribute to gender differences.
Alice Eagly
Is a theory of gender development that acknowledges that there are physical differences between the sexes that, historically, led men and women to perform different tasks, but points out the ways that these differences color social expectations and create and support social structures that limit opportunities for both sexes.
Social Role Theory
Starts by acknowledging evolutionary psychology’s position that women are more innately and directly involved in reproduction that men, and men are larger and stronger than women.
Eagly’s Social Role Theory
These differences result in a _________ __ ______ between the sexes, with women being more involved in the home and with childrearing and men being more likely o work outside the home.
Division of labor
The idea is that observing men and women performing different tasks leads to expectations and beliefs about what a man or woman ___ do and what we believe that person _____ do.
Can
Should
Expectations of how females and males should think, act, and feel.
Gender roles
Argues that each culture creates its own sense of what is a man and what is a woman.
Social Role Theory
Can be defined as a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a person or thing.
Stereotype
Is a behavior that is intended to harm another person.
Aggression
Proposes that there is a very large gender difference in same-gender aggression, with men being far more likely to aggress physically against each other.
Evolutionary Approach
Men tend to be higher on _____ aggression than females.
Overt
Is defined as physically or verbally harming another person directly.
Overt Aggression
Researchers have found that girls are more ____________ _________ than boys.
Relationally Aggressive
Refers to behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as exclusion from their group or gossiping and spreading rumors.
Relational Aggression
Comprises a greater percentage of girls’ overall aggression that it does for boys.
Relational aggression
Relational aggression is more subtle than _____ ________, and the ____________ ____________ individual may not seem to be aggressive to others, as the aggressive acts typically are committed secretly.
Overt aggression
relationally aggressive
Evaluation the evidence for ___________ ___________-___________ ___________ appear to be strongest in the area of physical aggression.
Gender Differences
Gender Differences
Differences are weaker in the domains of _________ ability and ________.
Cognitive
Sexuality
Conducted a meta-analysis of meta-analyses.
Janet Shibley Hyde
Is a statistical summary of all the available data about a particular research question.
Meta-analysis
The idea that men and women (and boys and girls) are much more similar than they are different.
Gender Similarities Hypothesis
One way in which men and women clearly differ is that men generally are sexually attracted to _______, whereas women typically are sexually attracted to ___.
Women
Men
Is here defined as the direction of an individual’s erotic interests.
Sexual Orientation
