Respiration Topic 12 1st year Flashcards
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions taking place in the body
What is a metabolic pathway?
The process of respiration is divided into steps
What are catabolic reactions?
breakdown reaction. Reactions which release energy like respiration
What are anabolic reactions?
build up reactions. Reactions that use up energy like photosynthesis
From where do cells obtain their energy to use it for their functioning?
From the breaking down of food, they manufacture from autotrophs or from heterotrophs. (if consumed)
What is the food converted into?
glucose
Define respiration
The oxidation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. This energy is stored at ATP molecules
Where does respiration take place?
In the mitochondria in every living cell
What are the 2 types of respiration?
Aerobic and Anaerobic
What is aerobic respiration?
The breakdown of organic molecules (usually glucose) in the presence of oxygen to release energy. Occurs in glycolysis and cellular respiration
This energy is stored as ATP molecules.
glucose +oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is anaerobic respiration?
The breakdown of organic molecules without the presence of oxygen to release energy. This energy is also stored as ATP but less energy is produced in this reaction.
After glycolysis, fermentation occurs. This produces waste products such as lactic acid in humans and ethanol during alcoholic fermentation.
Glucose–> lactic acid + energy
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is glycolysis?
When glucose is broken down into smaller molecules to release energy for cells to use
What molecules are also involved in cellular respiration?
First you have a high energy substance which is going to be broken down into a simple low energy substance
ATP
NAD
FAD
NADP+
What are NAD,FAD AND NADP+?
They are electron transporters which have been released in respiration
What does NAD and FAD stand for?
FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide
NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide