Decision Making - Week 10

Question 1

deductive reasoning

Answer 1

the ability to draw specific conclusions from general principles. relies on validity and truth

Question 2

inductive reasoning

Answer 2

the ability to draw probable general conclusions from specific examples. relies on evaluating the quality of evidence

Question 3

atmospheric effect

Answer 3

using words like ALL, SOME, or NONE are more likely to lead to biased conclusions

Question 4

belief bias

Answer 4

the true conclusion increases the likelihood that the syllogistic structure will be perceived as valid

Question 5

confirmation bias

Answer 5

making a mistake that appears to be true based on the given information

Question 6

structural similarity

Answer 6

a concrete task (with scaffolding) has a better transfer effect

Question 7

deontic and indicative conditionals

Answer 7

there is an increased performance in tasks if it is found to be meaningful to the individual

Question 8

expected value theory

Answer 8

formalization of the expected outcome. value and probability are considered here.

Question 9

satisficers

Answer 9

those who select the first option available that satisfies all necessary criteria

Question 10

maximisers

Answer 10

those who will be more exhaustive in their search amongst options that fit the current criteria

Question 11

availability heuristic

Answer 11

easier remembered examples are to be judged more probable than harder to remember examples

Question 12

representative heuristic

Answer 12

stereotypes can be used to mislead results and fail to take into account the base rate information

Question 13

conjunctive fallacy

Answer 13

incorrect calculation that the combination of two events can be more likely than either event occurring alone

Question 14

anchoring and adjustment

Answer 14

the idea that we use available numerical information as estimate starting points without compensation

Question 15

risk aversion strategy

Answer 15

selecting the option that has the greatest profit

Question 16

risk taking strategy

Answer 16

selecting the option with the least probable chance of loss

Question 17

non-moral scenarios

Answer 17

a scenario to which the alternative choice is equal and there is no moral cost

Question 18

impersonal moral scenarios

Answer 18

a scenario to which you aren’t directly involved and there’s a moral dilemma occurring

Question 19

personal moral scenarios

Answer 19

a scenario to which you are personally involved and it is a life and death situation

Question 20

neuro-decisions

Answer 20

when people believe that there is a human on the other end, they are less likely to choose the scenario that benefits both opposed to there being a computer on the other end