lecture 6 - joint classifications Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of joints in the musculoskeletal system?
Fibrous joints, carilaginous joints, synovial joints
What is the tissue involved in fibrous joints?
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue, in the form of ligaments
What is the most stable type of joint?
Fibrous joints
What are cartilaginous joints made of?
Fibrocartilage
What are synovial joints?
Joints that allow a greater range of motion, often found in the limbs
What is the range of motion at a synovial joint dependent on?
Shape of articulating bones ends, bony congruence.
What are the parts of a synovial joint?
Articular/hyaline cartilage, joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial membrane and fluid, ligaments.
What is the function of articular/hyaline cartialge at a synovial joint?
It covers the articulating ends of bones and allows them move past each other frictionlessly, as well as resisting compression, due to its high water content.
What is the synovial membrane?
A smooth and shiny membrane that lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and excretes synovial fluid.
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
It lubricates the joint, and supplies nutrients to tissues/cartilage through joint loading.
What is the joint capsule?
A sheet of connective tissue, continuous with the periosteum, that holds the joint together. it leaves a potential space, called the joint cavity.
What are capsular ligaments?
Thickened regions of the joint capsule that provide support to the joints.
What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?
Medial Collateral ligament (MCL) and Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL)
What does the MCL of the knee connect?
The femur to the tibia
What movement does the MCL restrict?
abduction
What movment does the LCL restrict?
Adduction
What are intracapsular ligaments?
Ligaments that are seperate from the joint capsule, and found deep inside the joint.
What are the cruciate ligaments of the knee?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL).
What does the ACL connect?
Anterior of tibia to posterior of femur.
What does the PCL connect?
Posterior of tibia to anterior of femur.
What movement does the ACL restrict?
Posterior displacement of femur.
What movement does the PCL restrict?
Anterior displacement of the femur.
What are fibrocartilaginous structures in synovial joints?
Additional joint structures that provide support, often by creating pads which deepen joint articulation to distribute weight and resist forces.
What are the key fibrocartilaginous structures of the knee?
The minisci (lateral miniscus and medial miniscus)