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HUBS191-RIMA > lecture 6 - joint classifications > Flashcards

lecture 6 - joint classifications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of joints in the musculoskeletal system?

A

Fibrous joints, carilaginous joints, synovial joints

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2
Q

What is the tissue involved in fibrous joints?

A

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue, in the form of ligaments

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3
Q

What is the most stable type of joint?

A

Fibrous joints

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4
Q

What are cartilaginous joints made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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5
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Joints that allow a greater range of motion, often found in the limbs

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6
Q

What is the range of motion at a synovial joint dependent on?

A

Shape of articulating bones ends, bony congruence.

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7
Q

What are the parts of a synovial joint?

A

Articular/hyaline cartilage, joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial membrane and fluid, ligaments.

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8
Q

What is the function of articular/hyaline cartialge at a synovial joint?

A

It covers the articulating ends of bones and allows them move past each other frictionlessly, as well as resisting compression, due to its high water content.

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9
Q

What is the synovial membrane?

A

A smooth and shiny membrane that lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and excretes synovial fluid.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

A

It lubricates the joint, and supplies nutrients to tissues/cartilage through joint loading.

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11
Q

What is the joint capsule?

A

A sheet of connective tissue, continuous with the periosteum, that holds the joint together. it leaves a potential space, called the joint cavity.

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12
Q

What are capsular ligaments?

A

Thickened regions of the joint capsule that provide support to the joints.

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13
Q

What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?

A

Medial Collateral ligament (MCL) and Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL)

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14
Q

What does the MCL of the knee connect?

A

The femur to the tibia

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15
Q

What movement does the MCL restrict?

A

abduction

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16
Q

What movment does the LCL restrict?

A

Adduction

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17
Q

What are intracapsular ligaments?

A

Ligaments that are seperate from the joint capsule, and found deep inside the joint.

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18
Q

What are the cruciate ligaments of the knee?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL).

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19
Q

What does the ACL connect?

A

Anterior of tibia to posterior of femur.

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20
Q

What does the PCL connect?

A

Posterior of tibia to anterior of femur.

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21
Q

What movement does the ACL restrict?

A

Posterior displacement of femur.

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22
Q

What movement does the PCL restrict?

A

Anterior displacement of the femur.

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23
Q

What are fibrocartilaginous structures in synovial joints?

A

Additional joint structures that provide support, often by creating pads which deepen joint articulation to distribute weight and resist forces.

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24
Q

What are the key fibrocartilaginous structures of the knee?

A

The minisci (lateral miniscus and medial miniscus)

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25
Q

In what axis is sagittal plane movement?

A

Coronal axis.

26
Q

In what axis is coronal plane movement?

A

Sagittal axis

27
Q

In what axis is transverse plane movement?

A

Vertical axis.

28
Q

What is movement in 2 axes?

A

biaxial

29
Q

What is biaxial movement in a circle called?

A

Circumduction

30
Q

When a joint adducts/abducts AND flexes/extends, it is said to what?

A

Circumduct

31
Q

Plane joints are generally connecting bones with what properties?

A

Small bones with flat articular surfaces.

32
Q

Are plane joints multiaxial or biaxial?

A

Multiaxial

33
Q

Sliding and gliding movement is typically involved in what type of synovial joint?

A

Plane joints

34
Q

How many (and what) axes are involved in hinge joints?

A

1 (uniaxial) - sagittal plane movement around the coronal axis.

35
Q

What movements are involved in hinge joints?

A

Flexion and extension

36
Q

What are examples of hinge joints?

A

Ankle, elbow (humerus to ulna), interphalangeal joints.

37
Q

What axes are involved in pivot joints?

A

Transverse plane (vertical axis) - uniaxial

38
Q

How can movement at pivot joints best be described?

A

Rotational movement

39
Q

What are key examples of pivot joints?

A

Radioulnar joint, C1-C2 vertebrae joint (atlas and axis)

40
Q

What movements are involved at condylar joints?

A

Flexion/extension, and rotation when flexed.

41
Q

Are condylar joints biaxial or uniaxial?

A

Biaxial

42
Q

What are key examples of condylar joints?

A

Knee, temperomandibular joint (TMJ)

43
Q

Is the ellipsoid joint biaxial, uniaxial, or multiaxial?

A

Biaxial

44
Q

Is there rotation at an ellipsoid joint?

A

No

45
Q

What motion occurs at ellipsoid joints?

A

Circumduction (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction)

46
Q

What is an example of an ellipsoid joint?

A

Radiocarpal joint of wrist

47
Q

What motion occurs at a saddle joint?

A

circumduction, ‘obligatory rotation’

48
Q

Is the ball + socket joint biaxial or multiaxial?

A

Multiaxial

49
Q

What are the two examples of ball and socket joints?

A

Shoulder and hip joints.

50
Q

What are the locations/orientations of the sagittal and coronal cranial sutures?

A

Sagittal runs down the centre of the skull on the sagittal plane (posterior to anterior). Coronal runs across the top of the skull, perpendicular to the midline.

51
Q

What is the name for the ‘socket’ of the ball and socket shoulder joint?

A

Glenoid cavity

52
Q

What tarsal bone articulates with the distal end of the tibia and fibula?

A

The talus

53
Q

What is the name of the socket in which the femur articulates at the ball and socket hip joint?

A

Acetabulum

54
Q

What is the function of the malleoli?

A

They prevent excessive inversion or eversion at the ankle joint

55
Q

What are malleoli?

A

Bony projections of the tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral) that sit on each side of the ankle, preventing excessive rotation

56
Q

What is the boney projection at the distal end of the fibula?

A

Lateral malleolus

57
Q

What is the boney projection on the medial distal end of the tibia?

A

Medial malleolus

58
Q

What is the function of the MCL and LCL of the ankle?

A

Resists eversion (MCL) and inversion (LCL)

59
Q

What ligament connects the distal tibia and talus?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

60
Q

What ligament connects the distal fibula and talus?

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

HUBS191-RIMA (36 decks)

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