lecture 34 - adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line of immune defence when pathogens enter the body via an injury?

A

Phagocytic cells (e.g. dendritic cells) break down pathogens.

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2
Q

What is antigen sampling/presentation?

A

A process in which dendritic cells break down antigens into peptides that they can present on their cell surface via MHC to T cells in the lymph nodes.

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3
Q

How are antigen peptides displayed to T cells?

A

Via MHC complexes on the surface of dendritic cells.

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4
Q

What is the function of CD4 T cells?

A

They help B cells make antibody. Help trigger CD8 memory and cytotoxic T cells

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5
Q

What is the function of CD8 T cells?

A

Become cytotoxic and kill virus infected cells (intracellular pathogens) and cancer cells.

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6
Q

How long ago did phagocytes evolve?

A

500 million years ago

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7
Q

What type of immunity do invertebrates have?

A

Innate immunity

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8
Q

What type of immunity do vertebrates have?

A

Innate and adaptive immunity

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9
Q

What is the process of peptide presentation using MHC-I?

A

Antigenic proteins break down antigens in the cytoplasm, these peptides are transported to the ER where they are loaded onto MHC-I then sent to the cell surface for immune surveillance.

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10
Q

What breaks down endogenous antigens into peptides?

A

Antigenic proteins

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11
Q

Where are endogenous antigens broken down into peptides?

A

The cytosol

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12
Q

Where does the loading of peptides onto MHC-I occur?

A

the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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13
Q

What is the process of peptide presentation using MHC-II?

A

Exogenous antigens are absorbed by phagocytes and degraded into peptides and loaded onto MHC-II inside phagolysosomes. The complexes are then sent to the cell surface for immune surveillance.

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14
Q

Where are exogenous antigens broken down into peptides?

A

In phagolysosomes

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15
Q

How are cytotoxic T cells activated?

A

By binding to dendritic cells, recognising the antigen presented by MHC-I. (Then helped by CD4 helper T cell)

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16
Q

What type of cell is involved with destroying intracellular pathogens?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

17
Q

What component of the immune system is involved with removing extracellular pathogens?

A

Antibody