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Geography > Urban change in Uk > Flashcards

Urban change in Uk Flashcards

+ Bristol case study

1
Q

Why might there be a movement from urban to rural areas

A
  • The UK has an increasing proportion of older people, many choosing to retire to live on the coast or in the country
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2
Q

What makes Bristol a major city

A
  • Largest city in the South West of England
  • Two universities
  • Religion (a mix)
  • Tourism - 7th most popular city for foreign visitors
  • Culture and entertainment (several theatres and music venues)
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3
Q

What attractions makes Bristol a popular tourist destination

A
  • SS Great Britain (Brunel’s ship)
  • We the Curious and other museums
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4
Q

Why is Bristol important internationally

A
  • Very near the M4, good road and rail links with easy access to London and ferry services to Europe
  • Bristol airport
  • High level of inward investment
  • Bristol University attracts students from all over the world
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5
Q

What positive impacts have migrants had in Bristol

A
  • Enriching the city’s cultural life
  • Mainly young migrants help to balance the ageing population
  • Contributing to both local and national economy
  • Improving the level of skills, where there are shortages
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6
Q

What negative impacts have migrants had on Bristol

A
  • Increased need to provide education for children whose first language is not English
  • Pressures on housing and employment
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7
Q

What are some of the factors bringing about social opportunities due to urban change

A
  • rapidly growing population
  • high levels of migrants resulting in an ethnically diverse population
  • two universities meaning youthful population
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8
Q

Population of Bristol

A

About 500,000

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9
Q

Aspects of the cultural mix in Bristol

A
  • Museums
  • Art (home to famous street artist Banksy)
  • Food and music (increasing diversity)
  • Festivals (include the international Balloon Fiesta, Bristol Harbour festival)
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10
Q

Examples of entertainment in Bristol

A

Many theatres - (Bristol Old Vic, Bristol Hippodrome and The Tobacco Factory)
Sport - two professional football teams, rugby union team, Bristol bears.
Shopping - Cribbs Causeway out of town, Cabot Circus cost £500 million

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11
Q

How has urban change created employment opportunities in Bristol

A
  • Highly skilled youthful entrepreneurs from UK and abroad have come to the city
  • Research and development carried out in universities
  • Urban regeneration
  • Improved infrastructure has been installed to support super fast broadband
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12
Q

How has employment in Bristol changed

A

Major developments in the tertiary (services) and quaternary (research and IT) sectors

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13
Q

Why have high tech industries developed in Bristol + examples

A
  • advanced research with universities
  • A £100 million government grant to become a Super-Connected City
  • Aardman Animation studios (creators of Wallace + Gromit etc)
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14
Q

How has urban change created opportunities (3 ways)

A
  • Bristol: Europe’s Green Capital
  • Bristol’s integrated transport system
  • Urban greening
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15
Q

What is Bristol’s integrated transport system and when was it launched

A

A plan that links the various transport systems into a single integrated network launched in 2018
- new cycle routeways
Encourages the use of public transport rather than cars

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16
Q

How many people currently commute by car to Bristol every day

A

200,000 (only 11% use public transport)

17
Q

What is urban greening and how does it help the environment

A

Urban greening - Making urban spaces greener (involving planting trees, establishing public parks and creating green areas)
Helps to reduce pollution, absorbs water to reduce flood risk, creates wildlife habitats and improves people’s health/wellbeing. Also helps combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide

18
Q

Examples of Urban greening in Bristol

A
  • More than 1/3 is open space
  • Over 400 parks
  • Queens square - once a dual carriageway - has been turned into an open green space with cycle routes
  • City council provides free vegetables for community groups in some of the more deprived areas.
19
Q

What are the social and economic challenges caused by Urban change

A
  • Urban deprivation
  • Inequalities in housing
  • Education
  • Health
  • Employment
20
Q

What is urban deprivation and where is it seen in Bristol

A
  • Deprivation is the extent to which an individual or a community is deprived of services and amenities
  • 15% of the city’s residents live in some of the most deprived areas in England
  • Greatest levels of deprivation are near the centre and in the South of the city.
21
Q

How is there inequalities in housing in Bristol

A
  • huge surge in demand has seen house prices in Bristol rise by up to 50% since 2014
  • Shortage of affordable social housing to rent
  • Large number of students has increasing pressure on housing, particularly rentals
22
Q

Why is education a problem caused by urban change

A
  • Bristol experiences significant inequalities in educational attainment
  • Children living in areas of high urban deprivation have low levels of attainment
  • Rates of under-achievement are high among children in a number of ethnic groups, especially where English is not spoken at home.
23
Q

Bristols environmental challenges

A
  • buildings becoming derelict
  • demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl
24
Q

stokes croft and what is being done to improve the area

A
  • area has become notorious for derelict housing and abandoned properties
  • many houses have been taken over by squatters and area has suffered from riots
    improvements:
  • lottery grants
  • community action and public art
24
Q

what is urban sprawl

A

the growth or urban areas like towns and cities spreading and taking over areas of countryside

25
Q

what is being done to reduce urban sprawl

A

30,000 new homes planned on brownfield sites
much lower proportion of new houses being built on greenfield sites

26
Q

what is Finzels reach

A

a brown field site where the facades of old industrial buildings have been retained
- office space
- shops
- 400 apartments

27
Q

what is Bristols waste disposal problem

A
  • city produces over half a million tonnes of waste per year
  • among the worst cities in terms of the amount of food waste it produces
28
Q

How is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal

A
  • reducing amount of waste that has been sent to landfill sites
  • reducing amount of waste generated per household
  • increasing waste recycling by 50 percent
29
Q

How has the increase in recycling been achieved

A
  • agreeing higher targets with contractors who handle household waste
  • teaching students about the importance and how to recycle
  • marking technological improvemnts
30
Q

waste treatment plant in Bristol

A

Avonmouth waste treatment plant
treates 200,000 tonnes of waste per year

31
Q

two areas in Bristol
examples of inequalitites in housing

A

Filwood
Stoke Bishop

32
Q

Filwood

A
  • more than 1/3 in very low income households
  • high unemployment and low death rate
  • many council homes that are poorly insulated and small
33
Q

Stoke Bishop

A

an affluent suburb in north west
includes Sneyd park <– homt to many millionaires living in large Victorian and Edwardian houses
low unemployment and very low poverty

34
Q

what is the Bristol Bath green belt

A

was set up to prevent urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe and the merging of the cities of Bristol and Bath

35
Q

Example of housing development on greenfield sites and why is it opposed

A

Harry Stoke
opposed because:
- increased congestion
- impact of wildlife (loss of habitats)
- increasing flood risk
- loss of open space

36
Q

Where does the demand for building on Brownfield sites come from

A

the growing need for student accommodation
needs 30,000 new houses by 2026 <– believed to be achievable without building on greenfield

37
Q
A

Geography (14 decks)

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