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STUDY TIME✌️🤓 > MT 5 Biology > Flashcards

MT 5 Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The type of sugar used in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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2
Q

Deoxyribose

A

The type of sugar in DNA

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3
Q

Ribose

A

The type of sugar used in RNA

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4
Q

The type of sugar used in RNA

A

Ribose

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5
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

WEAK; bonds between nitrogen bases

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6
Q

WEAK; bonds between nitrogen bases

A

Hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

STRONG; bonds of everything BESIDES the nitrogen bases hold together the phosphates and sugar

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8
Q

STRONG; bonds of everything BESIDES the nitrogen bases hold together the phosphates and sugar

A

Covalent Bonds

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9
Q

Peptide bonds

A

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water

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10
Q

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water

A

Peptide bonds

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11
Q

Semi-conservative

A

PART of the molecule is being conserved for the new ones (in DNA replication each new strand has some old and some new)

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12
Q

PART of the molecule is being conserved for the new ones (in DNA replication each new strand has some old and some new)

A

Semi-conservative

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

the basic building block of nucleic acids (monomers)

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14
Q

the basic building block of nucleic acids (monomers)

A

Nucleotide

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15
Q

Where and when does DNA replication take place?

A

In the nucleus during the S phase of interphase

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16
Q

Know the key differences between DNA and RNA (sugars used, shape, bases, etc)

A

DNA- Deoxyribose, double helix, nitrogen bases of A, T, C, G
RNA- Ribose, single strand, nitrogen bases of A, U, C, G

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17
Q

What are the base pairing rules?

A

A’s bind with U’s
C’s bind with G’s

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18
Q

What type of bonds hold DNA together?

A

hydrogen

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19
Q

What does it mean if the DNA is semi-conservative?

A

part of the old molecule is conserved/saved

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20
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids that can bind to others and fold into protein

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21
Q

A chain of amino acids that can bind to others and fold into protein

A

Polypeptide

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22
Q

Ribosome

A

An organelle made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

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23
Q

An organelle made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

A

Ribosome

24
Q

Transcription

A

DNA is copied into a
complementary strand of mRNA.

25
Q

DNA is copied into a
complementary strand of mRNA.

A

Transcription

26
Q

Translation

A

interpreting the RNA message into a
polypeptide to make a protein

27
Q

interpreting the RNA message into a
polypeptide to make a protein

A

Translation

28
Q

Codon

A

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

29
Q

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

A

Codon

30
Q

Amino Acid

A

monomer
(building block)
for making
proteins, held
together by
peptide bonds

31
Q

monomer
(building block)
for making
proteins, held
together by
peptide bonds

A

Amino Acid

32
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes

33
Q

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes

A

Chromosome

34
Q

Gene

A

Piece/section of DNA that holds the instructions to making protein

35
Q

Piece/section of DNA that holds the instructions to making protein

A

Gene

36
Q

Where, why, and how does transcription takes place?

A

starts with DNA in the nucleus, a gene is unzipped to be copied, the RNA nucleotides bind with their corresponding DNA ones then the mRNA leaves and goes to the cytoplasm

37
Q

Where, why, and how does translation takes place?

A

mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
and the ribosome reads the mRNA codons, starting at AUG. tRNAs act like taxis to pick up and drop off the amino acids that match with each codon. tRNAs continue to drop off a.a., and the ribosome binds the
a.a. together with peptide bonds. When the “stop codon” is reached, the ribosome releases the
completed polypeptide chain.

38
Q

Diploid

A

cells with 2 full sets of chromosomes, a set from each parent, human somatic cells

39
Q

cells with 2 full sets of chromosomes, a set from each parent, human somatic cells

A

Diploid

40
Q

Haploid

A

cells with 1 full set of chromosomes, which is a combination from the parents

41
Q

cells with 1 full set of chromosomes, which is a combination from the parents ex. gametes

A

Haploid

42
Q

Body cells, diploid

A

Somatic Cell

43
Q

Somatic Cell

A

Body cells, diploid

44
Q

Gamete

A

sex cells; haploid

45
Q

sex cells; haploid

A

Gamete

46
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes, one from each parent

47
Q

chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes, one from each parent

A

Homologous chromosomes

48
Q

Crossing over

A

Creates new combinations of genes. during prophase 1, homologus chromosomes are lined up together and get “tangled” they swap pieces of DNA.

49
Q

during prophase 1, homologus chromosomes are lined up together and get “tangled” they swap pieces of DNA. This is called…

A

Crossing over

50
Q

What happens in each phase of meiosis?

A

I
P: nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers form
M: Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in pairs
A: Homologous chromosome pairs separate and get pulled to opposite sides (remain attached for meiosis 1)
T: Chromosomes gather at the poles and nuclear membranes reform
C: cytoplasm divides into two cells

51
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis: growth and repair, asexual, all through life, all through body, PMAT once, creation of diploid somatic cells
Meiosis: purpose is to make babies, sexual, in ovaries and testes, PMAT twice, creates haploid sex cells

52
Q

Does interphase occur before mitosis, meiosis, or both?

A

Both

53
Q

How do the cells produced in meiosis relate to the original cell?

A

They are different, there is four and they’re haploid

54
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

55
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

56
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double Helix

57
Q

What is the structure of RNA?

A

Single strand of nucleotides with exposed nitrogen bases

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