Northern mountain Flashcards
Origin of Himalayas
Which is the age in which Origin of Himalayas took place
The existence of the Himalayas is due to the powerful earth movement between the Indo Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plates about 80 million years ago.
● The time is known as the Jurassic age when India was part of the Gondwana landmass in the Southern Hemisphere.
● The vast area of the Gondwana landmass includes the areas of India, Australia, Africa, South America and Antarctica.
● In the middle Mesozoic era, Gondwana Land was divided into many pieces by Convection currents.
Northern mountains are divided into
Northern Mountains is divided into three groups. They are:
➔ The Trans Himalayas
➔ The Himalayas
➔ The Purvanchal hills
Location of trans Himalaya
trans Himalaya is also known as
Which Ranges are Part of Trans Himalaya
Highest Peak of Trans Himalaya
which Glaciers are Part of Trans Himalayas
● It is situated to the north of the Greater Himalayas. It was formed even before the Himalayas.
● Due to its presence in Tibet, it is also called ‘Tibetan Himalaya’.
● Under this comes the Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar mountain range.
● The Karakoram range is also known as the ‘Backbone of High Asia’. because of its significance in terms of geography, elevation, and the concentration of high peaks.
● India’s highest peak and the World’s Second highest peak Godwin Austin (K2) is located in the Karakoram range of the Trans Himalayas, which is the second-highest peak on Earth. Its height is 8,611 meters.
● The Siachen Glacier and the Biafo Glacier, which are the world’s 2nd and 3rd largest glaciers respectively, are located in the Karakoram range.
The Himalaya is Which Type of Mountain
What are Fold Mountains
Himalayas are formed by Collision of which Plate
How Himalayas act as Natural Barrier
width of Himalayas
Himalaya are divided in
Himalayas are the young fold mountains.
● The term “fold” refers to the process by which Rocks bend and buckle due to Earth’s tectonic forces. When tectonic plates move and collide, the intense pressure causes the Earth’s crust to fold, crumple, and rise, leading to the formation of mountain ranges.
● The Himalayas formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
● This is the highest mountain range of the world.
● The Himalayas act as a “Natural barrier”. The extreme cold, snow and rugged topography discourage the neighbors from entering India through the Himalayas.
● Their width varies from 400 in the west and 150 KM in the East
● The Himalayas may be divided into three parallel ranges:
➔ Greater Himalayas or ‘Himadri’
➔ Lesser Himalayas or ‘Himachal’
➔ Outer Himalayas or ‘Siwaliks’
Greater Himalayas are also known as
Extension of Greater Himalayas
Average height and width of Greater Himalayas
High peaks of Greater Himalaya
Which Mountain Passes are Present in Greater Himalayas
● It is also called ‘Great Himalaya’, ‘Inner Himalaya’ and ‘Himadri’.
● It extends from Nanga Parbat in the west to Namcha Barwa in the east.
● It has an average height of 6000 meters and width lies between 120 to 190 Kms.
● It has high peaks like Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Nanga Parbat etc.
● High Mountain passes also exist in this range, namely, Bara
Lacha-La, Shipki-La, Nathu-La, Zoji-La, Bomidi-La etc
Lesser Himalaya is also Known as
Average width and Height of lesser Himalayas are
What Are the name of Lesser Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Nepal
where is famous Kashmir valley situated
Famous Hill station in lesser Himalaya
What is marg and Bugyal
What is karewa and why is this famous for
● It is also called ‘Small Himalaya’. It extends to the south of the Greater Himalayas.
● The average width of this mountain range is 50 kilometers and the average height ranges from 3,100 to 4,500 meters.
● The Lesser Himalayas are known as the Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and Kashmir, the Dhauladhar Range in Himachal Pradesh, the Nag Tibba Range in Uttarakhand and the Mahabharat Range in Nepal.
● The world famous ‘Kashmir Valley’ is situated between the Greater Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas.
● World famous hill towns Dharamshala, Mussoorie, Almora, Lansdowne, Ranikhet, Kullu-Manali, Lahaul-Spiti are situated in this range.
● Small grasslands are found on the slopes of the Lesser Himalayas which are known as ‘marg’ in Kashmir, ‘bugyal’ or ‘payar’ in Uttarakhand.
● A structure made of moraines called ‘Karewa’ is found in the Lesser Himalayas. It is famous for the cultivation of saffron.
Outer Himalayas or Shivaliks are also known as
Average Height and Average width
What are dun and duar
example of dun and duar
What is Bhabar
● This is the outermost range of the Himalayas, hence it is also called the ‘Outer Himalayas’.
● Its width is 10 to 50 km and height is from 900 to 1200.
● In some places of the Shivalik Himalayas, a flat structural valley is found, which is called ‘Dun’ in the west and ‘Duar’ in the east.
● Kotli Dun, Dehradun and Patlidun are examples of this.
● In the foothills region of the Shivalik region, there is a flat plain between the Indus River in the west and the Teesta River in the east, which is called Bhabar.
What is Indo- Tsangpo Sachhar Zone
name the geological rift formed Between the Greater Himalaya and the Lesser Himalaya
Geological crack between lesser Himalaya and the Shivalik Himalayas
geological fault formed between the Shivalik Himalayas and the plains
● The Indo-Tsangpo Sachhar Zone is a tectonic zone located south of Tibet and the Greater Himalayas. It was formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
● The geological rift formed between the Greater Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas is called ‘Main Central Thrust’.
● The geological crack formed between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shivalik Himalayas is called ‘Main Boundary Fault’.
● The geological fault formed between the Shivalik Himalayas and the plains to its south is called ‘Himalayan Frontal Fault’.
Division of Himalaya on the basis of rivers
Kashmir Himalaya - Indus and Sutlej - 560 kms
Kumaon Himalaya - Sutlej and Kali - 320 kms
Nepal Himalaya - Kali and Teesta - 800 kms
Assam Himalaya - Teesta and Dihang - 700 kms
Kashmir Himalaya is also Known and why
Kashmir Himalaya extends between which Rivers
Mountain Ranges Comes under kashmir himalayas
● It is also called ‘Punjab Himalaya’. The name ‘Punjab’ itself derives from the Persian words “Panj” (meaning five) and “Aab” (meaning water), which refer to the five major rivers of this region: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.
● It extends for 560 kilometers between the Indus and Sutlej rivers.
● Karakoram, Ladakh, Pir Panjal and Zaskar ranges come under this Himalaya.
● The maximum width of the Himalayas is here
Extends of Kumaon Himalaya
Maximum expansion of Kumaon Himalaya
Peaks in Kumaon Himalaya
Prominent rivers originate from Kumaon Himalaya
● It extends for a distance of 320 kilometers between Sutlej and Kali rivers.
● Its maximum expansion is in the state of Uttarakhand.
● Peaks like Nanda Devi, Komet, Badrinath and Kedarnath come under this Himalaya.
● Bhagirathi and Yamuna rivers originate from this Himalaya.
Nepal Himalaya is situated between which rivers
Extent of Himalayas in Nepal Himalaya
Peaks of Nepal Himalaya
● It is situated between the Himalayas Kali and Teesta rivers.
● The extent of the Himalayas is about 800 km.
● Here the width of the Himalayan mountain is very less, but the highest peak of the Himalayas like Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga Makalu is located here.
● Kanchenjunga, which is the highest peak of India within the Himalayan mountain range, comes under the Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas.
Extent of and in between which rivers Assam Himalaya
● The Assam Himalayas extend over a distance of about 700 kilometers between the Teesta and Dihang rivers.
● In the Himalayas, the height of the Himalayas once again decreases
Eastern Hills are also known as
Name of Eastern Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram
● It is a part of the Himalayan mountain range which is also called Purvanchal Hills.
● In Arunachal Pradesh these are known as Patkai Boom, Naga Hills in Nagaland and in its south as Mizo or Lushai Hills.
Garo Khasi and Janita Hills are situated in which Plateau
Meghalaya Plateau is Separated by Peninsular Plateau separated by which Fault
Which tribes reside near these hills
Extension of these in assam is known as
Why Meghalaya has highest rainfall
Highest rainfall in world
● All these three hills are situated in the plateau of Meghalaya in Northeast India.
● The Meghalaya Plateau is part of the Peninsular Plateau, separated by the Malda Fault.
● The Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills are named after the tribes that resided here.
● The Karbi Anglong hills of Assam are also an extension of this.
● Due to the funnel shape of these hills, the annual rainfall in Meghalaya is more than 200 cm.
● Mawsynram and Cherrapunji, the places with the highest rainfall in the world, are located on the southern slopes of the Khasi Hills
