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neurobiology > Visual System > Flashcards

Visual System Flashcards

Lecture 1 Exam 3

1
Q

What are retinofugal projections?

A

Axons that leave the retina of the eye

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2
Q

What is the main target of retinofugal projections?

A

LGN of thalamus–up to 20% of optic nerve/tract axons have other brain targets

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3
Q

Are Nasal hemitetinal fibers decussating or non decussating

A

decussating

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4
Q

Are Temporal hemiretina fibers decussating or non decussating

A

non-decussating

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5
Q

What is the inner limits of our vision based on

A

our noses

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6
Q

_____ zone (field) is area seen by both eyes

A

binocular

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7
Q

_____ zone (field) is area seen by just one eye

A

monocular

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8
Q

Right visiaul field represented by ____ visual cortex

A

left

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9
Q

The right visiual field falls on the temporal hemiretina of the ____ eye and is registered in that visual cortex

A

left

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10
Q

The right visual field falls on the nasal hemiretina of the right eye and is registered in the ____ visual cortex

A

left

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11
Q

Left side of the brain sees the ____ half of the world

A

right

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12
Q

horses have a (larger/smaller) binocular vision zone

A

smaller due to their elongated noses

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13
Q

What is the function of the main retinofugal projects that go from the retina to the LGN of thalamus?

A

conscious vision, movement, and object recognition, etc.

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14
Q

Layers 3-6 are responsible for seeing what

A

colors and detail

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15
Q

Layers 1 and 2 of the LGN are responsible for seeing what

A

patterns and motion

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16
Q

T/F visual information from each eye is kept separate in the LGN

A

True

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17
Q

LGN we have visual information from both eyes, but they aren’t really mixing–there is no _______ vision yet

A

Binocular

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18
Q

What layers of the LGN are contralateral inputs

A

1
4
6

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19
Q

What layers of the LGN are ipsilateral inputs

A

2
3
5

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20
Q

Right LGN sees the ____ side of the world

A

left

21
Q

Left LGN sees the ____ side of the world

A

right

22
Q

From the LGN where do the retinofugal fibers go?

A

V1

23
Q

What are the 3 subcortical targets of the optic tract

A

-pre Tectum
-superior colliculus
-Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

24
Q

What does the pretectum control

A

pupillary light reflex

25
Q

What does the superior colliculus control

A

gaze shifting/eye movements

26
Q

What does the Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the the hypothalamus control

A

circadian rhythms

27
Q

Would a lesion of the LGN, optic radiation or visual cortex have any effect on the projections of the subcortical targets

A

NO, these fibers split from the optic tract prior to the Thalamus

28
Q

What does the pupillary reflex allow the eye to do?

A

Adjust amount of light reaching retina

protect photoreceptors from bright light

29
Q

_________ of the midbrain mediates the pupillary light reflex

A

Pre tectum

30
Q

To keep vision consisten, what must occur during the pupillary light reflex?

A

consensual changes to pupil

31
Q

Do some optic tract axons not synapse in LGN, but pass by to synapse in pretectum of midbrain

A

YES

32
Q

Pretectum neurons synapse bilaterally onto _______ nucleus

A

edinger westphal

33
Q

From the Edinger-Westphal nucleus where are upper motor neurons sent

A

to the ciliary ganglion outside the eye as part of CN lll

34
Q

What do the cilliary ganglion lower motor neurons tell the muscles in the pupil to do with pupillary light reflex

A

constrict

35
Q

T/F many muscles controlling the eyes are under voluntary control but often do not require conscious though, are somewhat automated

A

True

36
Q

What do conjugate movements involve

A

activating opposite muscles of L and R eyes to movement towards same point in space

37
Q

What do vergence movements move

A

central axis of each eye towards (convergence) or away from each other (divergence)

38
Q

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus SCN

A

in hypothalamus

39
Q

What does the SCN generate

A

24h circadian rhythms for the body via hormones and neurotransmitters

40
Q

What does our circadian rhythm require

A

light

41
Q

What visual functions only need to detect the presence of light

A

pupillary light response
photosensitivity for setting circadian rhythms

42
Q

T/F rats with genetic pathologies that lack rods and cones still show circadian rhythm…but removing the eye disrupts circadian function

A

true

43
Q

Do photo-sensitive retinal ganglion cells require inputs from receptors

A

not always

44
Q

SCN gets input from the

A

intrinsically photo-sensitive retinal ganglion cells

45
Q

How are intrinsically photo-sensitive RGCs distributed

A

evenly over the retina

46
Q

Where do the intrinsically photo-sensitive retinal ganglion cells exit at

A

optic nerve head with other RGC axons to make up the optic nerve

47
Q

Where do you peel away optic nerve to target hypothalamus

A

peel away from optic nerve around the point of chiasm (decussation)

48
Q
A

neurobiology (11 decks)

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