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neurobiology > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum: white matter on the _____ and grey matter on the _____

A

inside; outside

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2
Q

Deep nuclei are _____ matter

A

grey

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3
Q

The cerebellum forms the roof of the _____ ventricle

A

fourth

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4
Q

If unfolded, SA of the cerebellum would equal that of one of the cerebral hemispheres; as ______ 50 % of neurons in your brain reside in the cerebellum

A

greater than 50%

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5
Q

Unlike the cerebral cortex (Brodmann’s areas) the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum is

A

the same all over

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6
Q

T/F is the cytoarchitecture conserved in different animals from mammals to fish to birds?

A

yes

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7
Q

Everything is in

A

threes

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8
Q

Anatomical zones ______ match up with functional zones

A

don’t

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9
Q

Vermis is along the

A

midline

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10
Q

Vermis is flanked by the ______ zones that lie between the vermis and the cerebellar hemispheres

A

intermediate

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11
Q

Where is the Flocculo-nodule lobe

A

tucked underneath the vermis

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12
Q

_________ regulates muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement

A

spinocerebellum

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13
Q

_______ aids learning of skilled movement; allows them to become more rapid and precise with learning

A

cerebrocerebellum

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14
Q

______ maintenance of balance, control of eye movements

A

vestibulocerebellum

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15
Q

The three deep cerebellar nuclei provide coordinating ______ to a variety of motor pathways

A

output

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16
Q

T/F the three deep cerebellar nuclei provide all of the output from cerebellum

A

True, all output of the cerebellum passes through these nuclei

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17
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle: ______ to cortex

A

ouput

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18
Q

______ peduncle asks how can I adjust my motor output to get there

A

superior

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19
Q

Middle peduncle: ______ from cortex via pons

A

input

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20
Q

_______ peduncle asks where do I want to be (copy of motor command)

A

middle

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21
Q

Inferior peduncle: _______ from body and inferior olive

A

input

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22
Q

_______ peduncle asks where am I? what am I doing?

A

inferior

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23
Q

Which peduncle has some output to the vestibular nuclei

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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24
Q

T/F superior cerebellar peduncle–almost all fibers are efferent from cerebellum to contralateral cortex

A

True

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25
Q

what does the superior cerebellar fibers exit the cerebellum via

A

via deep cerebellar nuclei to contra thalamus (then motor cortex) and red nucleus

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26
Q

______ cerebellar peduncle is output from the cerebellum up to brain

A

superior

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27
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle provides important feedback for lateral motor systems via motor cortex ________ and red nucleus _______

A

corticospinal; rubrospinal

28
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle: Deep nuclei receive _________ inhibitory inputs from purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex

A

GABAergic

29
Q

Where is the middle cerebellar peduuncle located

A

In the pons

30
Q

One massive component of the middle cerebellar peduncles is the cerebellar input (afferent) via the _________ pontine nucleus

A

contralateral

31
Q

Pontine nuclei is the grey matter of ______ _____ ______

A

well marbled steak

32
Q

Where is the inferior cerebellar peduncle located

A

in dorso-lateral rostral medulla

33
Q

T/F almost all fibers are afferent in the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the cerebellum from sensory input

A

True

34
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle: ______ input from inner ear

A

vestibular

35
Q

Inferior peduncle: ______ input from muslces and joints

A

proprioceptive

36
Q

Output/feedback from cerebellum via the inferior peduncle goes back to _____ nuclei

A

vestibular

37
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebral cortex from outer to inner

A

molecular layer
purkinje layer
granular layer

38
Q

The molecular layer is mostly _____ of granule cells with a few _______

A

axons; cell bodies

39
Q

___ row of purkinje cells

A

single

40
Q

Bottom layer is densely packed with small granule _____ _____

A

cell bodies

41
Q

P dendrites are _____ and nearly _______ with the axons of the granule cells running through them

A

planar; 2D

42
Q

Are there many synapses in purkinje dendrites

A

yes

43
Q

What does the many synapses in the purkinje dendrites mean for the brain

A

high degree of plasticity

44
Q

What are the three axon types

A

climbing fibers, mossy fibers, parallel fibers

45
Q

Purkinje cells: sole source of _____ from cerebellar cortex to deep cerebellar nuclei

A

output

46
Q

purkinje cells are _______ inhibiting deep cerebellar nuclei

A

GABAergic

47
Q

Are there a ton of granule cells

A

YES

48
Q

________ cells receive input via mossy fibers from pontine nuclei, brining info in from the body

A

granule

49
Q

The axons of granule cells rise up into molecular layer and bifucate to go along whole length of cerebellum like teleohone wires forming ________ fibers

A

parallel

50
Q

The _______ fibers make contact with hundred of purkinje cells, each hit 100s mossy fiber

A

parallel

51
Q

Climbing fibers originate from the contralateral _______ ______

A

inferior olive

52
Q

The _______ fibers provide input to purkinje cells, directly wrapping around them

A

climbing

53
Q

A single climbing fiber contacts up to _____ P Cells

A

10

54
Q

Each P cell receives ___________ climbing fiber input

A

only a single

55
Q

Each climbing fiber makes about _____ synapses onto a single P cell

A

500

56
Q

What does the activation of P cell by climbing fibers result in

A

strong depolarization

57
Q

Basket cells, golgi cells, and stellate cells act like _____ _____ providing _____ input to purkinje cells

A

inhibitory interneurons; inhibitory

58
Q

Climbing fibers and mossy fibers/parallel fiber input is all

A

excitatory

59
Q

_______ and _______ for on going movement

A

spinocerebellum and vestibulocerebellum

60
Q

__________ for planning of movement

A

cerebrocerebellum

61
Q

Ataxia

A

movement that are uncoordinated or inaccurate due to any damage to motor areas

62
Q

_______ decomposition of complex multi-joint movements into parts

A

Dyssynergia

63
Q

______ poor control of speed and distance for coordinated movements

A

Dysmetria

64
Q

Damage to cerebellum produces deficits on the ________ side of the body

A

same

65
Q
A

neurobiology (11 decks)

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