urban HIC - bristol

Question 1

uk’s urban areas

Answer 1

84% of uk’s pop live in cities, 1 in 7 of those live in london - reflects its industrial past
london developed because of its position of capital of uk - became global city and financial centre
belfast, cardiff and edinburgh grew as the capital of northern ireland, wales and scotland
uk is important trading nation - ports in london, liverpool, bristol

Question 2

how might urban distribution change in uk

Answer 2

drift towards south east england and london - financial business and cultural centres
lots more inwards migration than outward migration
aging pop choosing to live on the coast or in the country

Question 3

location of bristol

Answer 3

south west england, on river avon near its confluence with river severn, linked to wales by two large bridges

Question 4

why is bristol a major city in uk

Answer 4

highest rate of population increase of the 10 core cities in uk
two universities
mix of religions, bristol old vic theatre Aardman - wallace and gromit, SS great britain, bristol zoo, two major docks and uks most

Question 5

why is bristol internationally important?

Answer 5

on M4 corridor - easy access to london and rail and ferry services to europe
shift from tobacco and paper industry to technology, finance, defence
bristol uni attracts student from all over world

Question 6

impacts migration in bristol

Answer 6

hard-working and motivated workforce
enriching cities culture

pressures on housing and employment
need to provide education for children whose first language is not english

Question 7

opportunities in bristol (cultural mix)

Answer 7

art - home to banksy, graffiti workshops popular and tourists
museum - many museums aerospace bristol, SS great britain
food and music - lots of migrants, mix of food outlets - thai, malay, japanese lots of jazz, rock, fold and classical music concerts
festivals - balloon fiesta, bristol harbour festival

Question 8

opportunities in bristol (recreation)

Answer 8

surrounded by countryside and bisected by river avon - fishing, walking, nature watching, boating
ashton court used for walking cycling and picnics
lots of green spaces in city centre

Question 9

opportunities in bristol (entertainment)

Answer 9

theatre and music - bristol old vic, hippodrome
sport - two football teams (city and rovers), gloucestershire cc, bristol half marathon
shopping - cribbs causeway, cabot circus

Question 10

opportunities in bristol (employment)

Answer 10

no. of people employed in high-tech industry increased - 430 separate high-tech companies in area - aardman animations, huawei, toshiba
one of main financial hubs outside of london

Question 11

how has emploment changed in bristol

Answer 11

used to based on port, cigarettes made, sherry made from wine from bordeaux
now mostly tertiary and quaternary
unemployment rate lower than uk average

Question 12

opportunities in bristol (integrated transport system)

Answer 12

loads of cycle lane and facilities
integrated transport system to tackle growing congestion and transport costs
metrobus rapid transport system - connects all parts of city
metrowest suburban rail scheme

Question 13

opportunities in bristol (urban greening)

Answer 13

growing pop, growing need for green space for recreation and health
planting trees, establishing parks, community gardens, most people live within 350m of parkland/waterways, 20 year plan to create more play space and to plant more trees (goal to be carbon neutral)

Question 14

challenges in bristol (urban deprivation)

Answer 14

where an individual or a community is deprived of services and amenities - poor quality housing on low incomes or benefits
high pop densities, congested roads, few shops or parks and suffer high rates of crime and unemployment
15% of city residents live in some of most deprived areas of england

Question 15

challenges in bristol (housing inequalities)

Answer 15

house prices in bristol rise by up to 50% since 2014
in south of city, many houses need modernisation
shortage of affordable housing

Question 16

challenges in bristol (education)

Answer 16

people living in areas of highest urban deprivation have lowest levels of attainment - filwood, hartcliffe and withywood also have highest entitlement to free school meals
common in homes where english is not first language

Question 17

challenges in bristol (health)

Answer 17

areas with deprived hospitals because of wealth inequalities
lower than average levels of good health and life expectancy, higher levels of premature mortality, obesity, smoking
contrasts to wealthier areas

Question 18

challenges in bristol (employment)

Answer 18

high levels in unemployment in deprived areas
low education, lack skills to get employment

Question 19

challenges in bristol (dereliction)

Answer 19

decline of manufacturing industry
left many warehouses and other buildings derelict - could be polluted with dangerous substances, expensive to make safe
port moved downstream, warehouses up stream abandoned
stokes croft - houses for past industrial workers, buildings now renovated
finzels reach - former industrial area, when port closed was abandoned, now redeveloped

Question 20

challenges in bristol (brownfield and greenfield)

Answer 20

greenfield - never been built on, requires less groundwork, more attractive to developers, obtaining planning permission can take years, recent plans to accommodate growing population, potential traffic congestion, impacts on ecology and habitats
brownfield - previously been built on, costly to develop, clear waste, decontaminating polluted land, constructing modern infrastructure

Question 21

challenges in bristol (waste disposal)

Answer 21

landfill sites in short supply, incineration emits greenhouse gases
recycling reduced amount of domestic waste but city still generates about 140000 tonnes of rubbish annually
much taken to mechanical biological treatment plant, food waste converted to methane-rich biogas and used for electricity

Question 22

challenges in bristol (urban sprawl)

Answer 22

growing pop shortage of affordable housing in city centre, improvements of transport enabling more commuting, more people wish to live in less polluted and quieter areas, increases demand for housing, city growing outward
loss of countryside, impacts on biodiversity and habitats, traffic congestion, noise, air pollution
green belt there to separate bath and bristol - protected from new developments
leisure developments, cribbs causeway, aztec west, transport links been built on urban fringe
proposed development at harry stoke - 1200 homes to meet housing shortage

Question 23

challenges in bristol (commuter settlements)

Answer 23

lots of people commute into bristol to work from just outside city or south gloucestershire etc.
towns such as clevedon have expanded to become commuter settlements
lots of people live in south wales - cheaper

Question 24

urban regeneration

Answer 24

use of government investment to develop an area

Question 25

where is temple quarter

Answer 25

centre of bristol near temple meads railway station

Question 26

why did temple quarter need regeneration

Answer 26

was an industrial area, heavy industries started closing down, city centre docks declined, factories abandoned, many couldn’t be demolished, lots contaminated with industrial pollution and waste

Question 27

main features of temple quarter regeneration scheme

Answer 27

72 ha area an Enterprise zone - new businesses can claim tax relief and low rents
temple meads station to receive an upgrade
pedestrian and cycle routes and crossings, better public transport, bus priority lanes to improve bus reliability.

Question 28

how successful is temple quarter regeneration

Answer 28

considered success
need to improve railway station
over 4000 jobs created, almost 400 firms moved there
attractive and accessible area