B16 - Adaptations, Interdependence and Competition Flashcards
1
Q
What is a population
A
- A group of organisms from the same species living in the same geographical area
2
Q
What is a community
A
- A group of different populations that live in the same habitat
3
Q
What is an ecosystem
A
The interaction of a community of organisms with the abiotic factors in their environment
4
Q
Different types of competition
A
- Interspecific - between different species
- Intraspecific - within the same species
5
Q
Resources that plants compete for and why
A
- Mineral ions - nitrates, magnesium, phosphates
- Water - transport + photosynthesis
- Light - for photosynthesis to make food
- Space - to access all other resources
6
Q
What resources do animals compete with each other for
A
- Food
- Territory
- Mates
7
Q
What is interdependence
A
Species depend on each other to survive
8
Q
Forms of interdependence
A
- Plants are pollinated by insects
- Plants provide shelter
- Animals eat plants/other animals (food)
- Animals help disperse plant seeds
9
Q
What is a stable community
A
- Where the species and environmental factors are balanced (biotic and abiotic)
- This means populations sizes remain fairly constant
10
Q
Different biotic (living) factors and how they affect organisms
A
- Availability of food - lead to starvation
- New predators - affects existing predators and prey
- Competition - if a species is outcompeted it may go extinct
- New pathogens
11
Q
Different abiotic (non-living) factors and how they affect organisms
A
- Light intensity - plants + photosynthesis
- Temperature - distribution change + photosynthesis
- Water
- pH and mineral ions
- Wind intenisty - affects transpiration
- CO2 and O2 - photosynthesis + respiration for aquatic animals
12
Q
How do plants outcompete or cope with competition
A
- Flowering early e.g. bluebells to get more light, mineral ions and water
- Plants grow taller
- Plants use other plants to grow e.g. ivy
- Seed dispersal - gets offspring far away
13
Q
Different types of seed dispersal
A
- Wind
- Animal
- Water
14
Q
How are extremophiles adapted to extreme temps and high salt
A
- Temp - enzymes with different optimum temps. Are usually archaea
- Salt - have cytoplasms that don’t allow water so osmosis doesn’t affect them
15
Q
Different types of adaptations
A
- Structural - shape or colour
- Functional - processes carried out
- Behavioural - migration, tools