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GREEK > Week 7: End of Persian Wars and Aftermath > Flashcards

Week 7: End of Persian Wars and Aftermath Flashcards

1
Q

In what year was the battle of Plataea?

A

479 BC

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2
Q

What happened at the Battle of Plataea?

A

The Greeks started to fall back in a disorganized manner due to their supply lines getting disrupted. The Persians under Mardonius thought it was a full retreat, so attacked en masse. The Greeks ended up winning by the end.

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3
Q

What was the last sea battle of the Persian wars?

A

Mykale (greek victory)

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4
Q

What 3 things does the Oath of the Greeks (479 BC) promise?

A
  • To bury all Greeks killed in battle
  • To not destroy any of the Medizing Greeks after victory, but to impose monetary fines on them instead
  • To not rebuild any of the shrines destroyed by the Persians
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5
Q

Before which battle did the allies declare the Oath of the Greeks in 479 BC?

A

Plataea

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6
Q

What does the serpent statue, the “Tripod of the Plataeans” represent?

A

All the Greeks who fought the Persians at Plataea.

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7
Q

True or False:

Themistokles was only half-Athenian.

A

TRUE

His mother was either from Thrace or Caria.

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8
Q

Why did Themistokles oppose Sparta’s blacklisting of formerly pro-Persian states?

A

Because Themistokles wanted to gain support for the Delian League.

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9
Q

Who ostracized Themistokles?

A

Cimon and his supporters

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10
Q

Where does Themistokles flee once ostracized?

A

Persia!

(they welcome him surprisingly as well)

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11
Q

Who wanted all non-Athenian ships to be burned after Salamis?

A

Themistokles

(Why? To maintain Athens naval superiority)

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12
Q

How did Themistokles trick the Spartans after the Persian Wars?

A
  • Themistokles wanted to rebuild and enlarge Athens walls after being sacked by the Persians.
  • But, Spartans didn’t like walls and thus wanted a say in the matter
  • So, Themistokles went to Sparta to negotiate, but said to wait until the other Athenian ambassadors could arrive. (so that the walls could be already built by the time of negotiations)
  • When news arrived to Sparta about the walls, Themistokles told them to see for themselves that it was only a rumour, and send ambassadors to Athens
  • Secretly, Themistokles told Athens to detain the Spartan envoys
    -Athens then flattered the Spartan guests
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13
Q

What were Themistokles’ 4 main tricks?

A
  • Tricks at Salamis
  • Tries to burn all non-Athenian ships after Salamis
  • Tricks Spartans to bide time to build their walls
  • Opposes Sparta’s blacklisting of formerly medizing states
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14
Q

Who was the first state who wanted to back-out from the Delian League?

A

Naxos

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15
Q

After crushing the revolt in Naxos, what did Athens do?

A

Confiscated land from locals and imposed a cleruchy.

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16
Q

Why did the Naxos revolt fail?

A

Because Naxos chose to contribute money to the Delian league, NOT ships. So, they didn’t have a navy

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17
Q

After fleeing to Persia, where did Themistokles settle?

A

Magnesia. (He kind-of became tyrant there)

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18
Q

What was the last battle between Greeks and Persians until Alexander?

A

Battle of the Eurymedon River

(Greeks chasing the Persians out of Ionia after Persian Wars)

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19
Q

What rebellious silver mining city does Athens crush and establish Amphipolis near?

A

Thassos

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20
Q

What volcano erupted, causing a helot rebellion in Messenia?

A

Mount Ithome

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21
Q

In what year did Mount Ithome erupt?

A

455 BC

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22
Q

Where does Athens settle the surviving helots after the revolt was crushed by Sparta?

A

Naupactus

(this gives Athens a friendly port to Italy)

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23
Q

Explain the Naupactus debacle

A
  • Mount Ithome eruption causes helot revolt in Messenia
  • Spartans call Athenians to help
  • But, realizing this wasn’t a good idea, they sent the Athenians home
  • Athens was greatly insulted, so they did all they could to help the helots just to piss Sparta off
  • So, after the Spartans finally suppressed the helot revolt, Athens settled the surviving rebel leaders at Naupactus, under Athenian protection.
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24
Q

Why did Athens conflict with Thassos?

A

Over claim of the silver mining near Thassos.

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25
Q

What major Delian League constituent revolted in 440 BC?

A

Samos

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26
Q

Why did Samos revolt?

A

A pro-Persian oligarchy overthrows the pro-Athenian democracy and tries to leave the Delian League.

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27
Q

What is the first time Athens had to borrow money for a war?

A

Samian Revolt 440 BC

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28
Q

What is Samos’ punishment after the revolt is suppressed?

A

Samians have to repay Athens for the war’s expenses

(This is wayyy less harsh of a punishment than the other cities)

29
Q

After the Persian Wars, who led the Hellenic-League army chasing the Persians out?

A

Pausanias (Spartan regent)

30
Q

What is Pausanias accused of?

A

Conspiring with the Persians

31
Q

Who takes over command of the Hellenic League army?

A

Cimon of Athens

(son of miltiades)

32
Q

How did Cimon get so rich?

A

By selling Persian prisoners back for ransom

33
Q

What did Cimon do with the plunder from Eurymedon River?

A

He sent it to Athens to be spent on building the Long Walls.

34
Q

What does the Peace of Callias state?

A
  • Makes Persia promise to never invade Greece again and to never set foot onto the Aegean.
35
Q

What renders the Hellenic League irrelevant?

A

The Peace of Callias

(because the Persian threat is no more)

36
Q

Which one of Cimon’s political rivals called him back to Athens in acknowledgement of his military skill?

A

Pericles

37
Q

Why did Pericles hate Cimon?

A

Because Pericles distrusted the lower class, and Cimon was a populist.

38
Q

Which political leader gets Athens involved in the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC?

A

Pericles

39
Q

True or False:

Pericles was a super talented public speaker.

A

TRUE

40
Q

Which statesman instated Citizenship laws stating that all perks and privileges of citizenship should be reserved only for full blood Athenians?

A

Ephialtes

41
Q

What is the name for the 50 years between the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War?

A

Pentekontaetaea

42
Q

What 3 Delian League states had their own navies?

A
  • Chios
  • Lesbos
  • Samos
43
Q

When were the Long Walls built?

A

460-440 BC

44
Q

Which 2 expeditions immediately after the Persian Wars are great disasters for Athens?

A
  • Egypt
  • Cyprus
45
Q

In what year was the Delian League treasury moved from Delos to Athens?

A

454 BC

46
Q

What was the Congress Decree?

A

The decree initiating the Acropolis building program, thus disregarding the earlier Oath of the Greeks.

47
Q

When did the Acropolis building project begin?

A

450 BC

47
Q

Each Polis in the Delian League had to pay 1/__th of their annual income to Athens.

A

1/60th

48
Q

What caused the 2nd Sacred War?

A

Sparta took Delphi from the Phocians, and made it an independent state.

49
Q

What was the result of the 2nd Sacred War?

A

As soon as the Spartans left, Pericles took Delphi back and handed it back to the pro-Athenian Phocians.

50
Q

When did the 1st Peloponnesian War begin?

A

460 BC

51
Q

What peace ended the First Peloponnesian War?

A

The Thirty Years Peace (446 BC)

52
Q

What was the central agreement of the Thirty Years Peace?

A

NON-INTERFERENCE CLAUSE

AKA: Don’t mess with each other’s allies

53
Q

What was the Coinage Decree in Athens?

A
  • Declared that anyone who minted coins of non-Athenian weight standards, they would be punished.
  • Athens forces all Delian League allies hand in their currency to be converted into Athenian wright standards
54
Q

What was the name of Athen’s mint?

A

Agryokopeilon

55
Q

True or False:

Athens was the only state with its own mintshop.

A

TRUE

56
Q

Who purged and weakened the Aeropagos Council?

A

Ephialtes

57
Q

Who said that Democracy is versatile, but lacks long term ambition?

A

Plato

58
Q

With what 4 social programs did Athens pay the demos?

A
  • Jury pay
  • Assembly pay
  • Council pay
  • Theatre pay
59
Q

In what building did the Athenian assembly make all their decisions?

A

The Pnyx

60
Q

When was the FIRST ostracism?

A

487 BC

61
Q

Where was the sacred fire held?

A

Tholos

62
Q

Where did the emergency committee reside?

A

The Bouleterion

63
Q

What was the water timekeeper in law courts called?

A

Klepsydra

64
Q

What were the ballot spindles in court called?

A

Psephoi

65
Q

What gift did Athena give to Athens?

A

An Olive Tree

66
Q

What was the name of the Athenian athletic games?

A

The Panathenaic games

67
Q

Bonus:
What was the name of the type of tunic Athena wore?

A

Peplos

GREEK (12 decks)

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