Chapter 34 HTN

Question 1

What is the most common diuretic for HTN

Answer 1

Thiazides

Question 2

What is the prototype thiazide

Answer 2

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 3

Which diuretics are K+ sparing

Answer 3

Triamterene
Spironolactone

Question 4

which diuretics are loop diuretics

Answer 4

Furosemide
Bumetanide

Question 5

when is HTN classified as a hypertensive emergency

Answer 5

when diastolic BP is over 120 mm/hg

Question 6

What is the last name for Alpha 1 blockers

Answer 6

“-osin”

Question 7

What are the main therapeutic uses of Alpha 1 blockers

Answer 7

-BPH (since they also relax the smooth muscle of the bladder and prostate)
-Pheochromocytoma (which is when there are elevated catecholamines which causes extreme HTN)
-HTN

Question 8

How do Alpha 1 blockers affect preload and afterload

Answer 8

-Decreases afterload by reducing constriction in the arteries
-Decreases preload by dilating veins and reducing venous return

Question 9

What is the prototype direct acting vasodilator

Answer 9

Hydralazine

Question 10

what is the mechanism of action of hydralazine

Answer 10

Relax arterial smooth muscles which decreases afterload

Question 11

what are adverse effects of hydralazine

Answer 11

-reflex tachycardia (because the heart is trying to compensate for the sudden drop in BP)
-Hypotension
-Fluid retention

Question 12

What are considerations for hydralazine

Answer 12

-monitor lab tests for antinuclear antibody titer
-monitor I&O (to make sure kidneys are being perfused properly

Question 13

What are considerations when using beta blockers to treat HTN

Answer 13

-when using a non selective BB it can also cause vasoconstriction
-watch when diabetics are taking BB since it can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia