Early Republic

Question 1

Roman interaction with other states

Answer 1

• bellum iustum (just war)
  - Roman priests to declare war
• amicitia (means friendship)
  - can be a formal alliance with another state
  - usually lopsided

Question 2

Triumph

Answer 2

• parade in Rome with soldiers (inside pomerium)
• temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
• booty shared with Jupiter and soldiers

Question 3

Middle republic: expansion in the Mediterranean

Answer 3

• Carthage ( 3 Punic wars)
• Hellenistic kingdoms in E Mediterranean

Question 4

First Punic war, 264 - 241 BCE

Answer 4

• fighting for possession of Sicily
• Rome learns naval warfare
• outcome: Sicily annexed as a province (first province)

Question 5

Second Punic war, 218 - 201 BCE = Hannibalic war

Answer 5

• Hannibal attacks from Spain, 218
• several catastrophic defeats for Rome
• including cannae,
• loyalty of Italian allies

Question 6

Third Punic war (149 - 146 BCE )

Answer 6

• Carthage destroyed
• province of Africa created
• 146 BCE: Corinth sacked
• province of Macedonia created

Question 7

Consequences of expansion in middle republic

Answer 7

• growing number of soldiers
• longer time of service (less like a citizen militia)
• prestige of individual commanders
• wealth!
• slaves!
• hellenization
• Romans always conflicted about Greek cultures

Question 8

Problems for Romans at home

Answer 8

• long service in army for citizens
• farms may be sold or neglected with men away
• need farmers for citizen militia
• the rich buy up land and farm it with slaves (latifundia)